| Definition | Guanosine monophosphate, also known as guanylic acid or 5'-GMP, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as purine ribonucleoside monophosphates. These are nucleotides consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose to which one monophosphate group is attached. Guanosine monophosphate is an extremely weak basic (essentially neutral) compound (based on its pKa). Guanosine monophosphate exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. Within humans, guanosine monophosphate participates in a number of enzymatic reactions. In particular, guanosine triphosphate and guanosine monophosphate can be biosynthesized from diguanosine tetraphosphate; which is catalyzed by the enzyme bis(5'-nucleosyl)-tetraphosphatase [asymmetrical]. In addition, guanosine monophosphate can be biosynthesized from guanosine diphosphate; which is mediated by the enzyme ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 5. In humans, guanosine monophosphate is involved in purine metabolism. A purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate having guanine as the nucleobase. Outside of the human body, Guanosine monophosphate has been detected, but not quantified in, several different foods, such as rosemaries, common chokecherries, pigeon pea, rices, and horseradish tree. This could make guanosine monophosphate a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. |
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