| Definition | Carbon dioxide, also known as carbonic anhydride or [co2], is a member of the class of compounds known as other non-metal oxides. Other non-metal oxides are inorganic compounds containing an oxygen atom of an oxidation state of -2, in which the heaviest atom bonded to the oxygen belongs to the class of 'other non-metals'. Carbon dioxide can be found in a number of food items such as cascade huckleberry, ginkgo nuts, horned melon, and black cabbage, which makes carbon dioxide a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Carbon dioxide can be found primarily in blood and urine, as well as in human kidney and liver tissues. Carbon dioxide exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. In humans, carbon dioxide is involved in several metabolic pathways, some of which include phosphatidylethanolamine biosynthesis PE(16:1(9Z)/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)), phosphatidylethanolamine biosynthesis PE(14:1(9Z)/20:0), phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/16:0), and phosphatidylethanolamine biosynthesis PE(20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)). Carbon dioxide is also involved in several metabolic disorders, some of which include smith-lemli-opitz syndrome (SLOS), warburg effect, isovaleric acidemia, and succinyl coa: 3-ketoacid coa transferase deficiency. Carbon dioxide is a non-carcinogenic (not listed by IARC) potentially toxic compound. Carbon dioxide (chemical formula CO2) is a colorless gas with a density about 50% higher than that of dry air. Carbon dioxide consists of a carbon atom covalently double bonded to two oxygen atoms. It occurs naturally in Earth's atmosphere as a trace gas at a concentration of about 0.04 percent (400 ppm) by volume. Natural sources include volcanoes, hot springs and geysers, and it is freed from carbonate rocks by dissolution in water and acids. Because carbon dioxide is soluble in water, it occurs naturally in groundwater, rivers and lakes, ice caps, glaciers and seawater. It is present in deposits of petroleum and natural gas. Carbon dioxide is odorless at normally encountered concentrations, however at high concentrations it has a sharp and acidic odor . Signs of intoxication have been produced by a 30-minute exposure at 50,000 ppm , and a few minutes exposure at 70,000 to 100,000 ppm produces unconsciousness (DrugBank). In case of inhalation, administer 100% humidified supplemental oxygen with assisted ventilation as required. Administer a benzodiazepine IV if seizures occur. Irrigate exposed eyes with copious amounts of room temperature water for at least 15 minutes if exposure occurred through eye exposure. In case of dermal exposure, rewarming and a variety of topical treatments are indicated for frostbite injury (T36) |
|---|
