ChemFOnt: Showing chemical card for Substance P (CFc000333072)

Record Information

Version

1.0

Creation Date

Update Date

2022-09-14 05:12:49 UTC

Chemfont ID

CFc000333072

Molecule Identification

Common Name

Substance P

Definition

Entamoeba histolytica is a single-celled parasitic protozoan that infects the lower gastrointestinal tract of humans. The symptoms of infection are diarrhea, constipation, and abdominal pain. This protozoan was found to secrete serotonin as well as substance P and neurotensin.; In the field of neuroscience, substance P (SP) is a neuropeptide: an undecapeptide that functions as a neurotransmitter and as a neuromodulator. It belongs to the tachykinin neuropeptide family. Substance P and its closely related neuropeptide neurokinin A (NKA) are produced from a polyprotein precursor after differential splicing of the preprotachykinin A gene. The deduced amino acid sequence of substance P is as follows:; Substance P (SP), is an 11-amino acid neuropeptide. SP is a member of the tachykinin family of peptides because it induces rapid smooth muscle contraction in guinea pig ileum and rat duodenum. Other members of the tachykinin family, sharing common carboxyl terminal Phe-X-Gly-Leu-met-NH2 sequences in mammals, include neurokinin A and neurokinin B. In mammals, tachykinins are produced by two genes, preprotachykinin-A (PPT-A) and preprotachykinin-B (PPT-B), and SP is a product of the PPT-A gene. SP is localized in the central nervous system as well as in several peripheral tissues, including the entire length of the gastrointestinal tract as well as the colon. The main sources of SP in the gut include the myenteric and submucosal plexus, intrinsic sensory neurons, as well as sensory neurons originating from the dorsal root ganglia. A newly identified gene, preprotachykinin C gene, encodes for the sequence of a new preprotachykinin protein designated hemokinin (HK) and produced primarily by hematopoietic cells. HK binds with high selectivity to NK-1R and has similar in vivo potency to SP. Like SP, HK is an 11-amino acid peptide having ~55% amino acid similarity to SP.; The effects of SP are mediated by three different G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), namely neurokinin (NK)-1, 2, and 3. SP binds with high affinity to NK-1 receptor (NK-1R), and with low affinity to NK-2 and 3 receptors. NK-1 receptors are present in both small intestine and colon of animals and humans and are localized in a variety of cells, including nerves, smooth muscle, immune cells, glands, endothelial cells, as well as epithelial cells. Although NK-1 receptors have been associated with several intestinal pathophysiologic conditions (see below), NK-2 receptors have been linked mostly with circular muscle contraction, and are localized in circular muscle and muscularis mucosae. Although NK-2 receptors are present predominantly on smooth muscle and, like NK-1, can affect gut motility, NK-3 receptors are expressed predominantly in neurons and can stimulate or diminish muscle contraction indirectly following SP binding to neuronal cells in the submucosal and myenteric nerve plexuses of the gastrointestinal tract. NK-3 receptors also provide slow excitatory synaptic input to neurons in ganglia of the sphincter of Oddi. Thus, both NK-2 and NK-3 receptors affect motility responses in the GI, but there is very little evidence that they are involved in neuroimmune interactions. (PMID: 17192554 ); Substance P is an important element in pain perception. The sensory function of substance P is thought to be related to the transmission of pain information into the central nervous system. Substance P coexists with the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate in primary afferents that respond to painful stimulation. SP has been associated with the regulation of mood disorders, anxiety, stress, reinforcement, neurogenesis, respiratory rhythm, neurotoxicity, nausea/emesis, pain and nociception. Substance P and other sensory neuropeptides can be released from the peripheral terminals of sensory nerve fibers in the skin, muscle and joints. It is proposed that this release is involved in neurogenic inflammation which is a local inflammatory response to certain types of infection or injury. The regulatory function of SP also involves the regulation of its high-affinity receptor, NK-1. Substance P receptor antagonists may have important therapeutic applications in the treatment of a variety of stress-related illnesses, in addition to their potential as analgesics. Substance P is found in common wheat.

Structure

MOL SDF PDB SMILES InChI

Synonyms

Value	Source
Arg-pro-lys-pro-GLN-GLN-phe-phe-gly-leu-met-NH2	HMDB
(2S)-2-{[(2R)-2-({[(2S)-1-[(2S)-6-amino-2-({[(2R)-1-[(2S)-2-amino-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]pyrrolidin-2-yl](hydroxy)methylidene}amino)hexanoyl]pyrrolidin-2-yl](hydroxy)methylidene}amino)-1-hydroxy-4-(C-hydroxycarbonimidoyl)butylidene]amino}-N-[(1R)-1-{[(1R)-1-[({[(1R)-1-{[(1S)-1-(C-hydroxycarbonimidoyl)-3-(methylsulfanyl)propyl]-C-hydroxycarbonimidoyl}-3-methylbutyl]-C-hydroxycarbonimidoyl}methyl)-C-hydroxycarbonimidoyl]-2-phenylethyl]-C-hydroxycarbonimidoyl}-2-phenylethyl]pentanediimidate	HMDB
(2S)-2-{[(2R)-2-({[(2S)-1-[(2S)-6-amino-2-({[(2R)-1-[(2S)-2-amino-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]pyrrolidin-2-yl](hydroxy)methylidene}amino)hexanoyl]pyrrolidin-2-yl](hydroxy)methylidene}amino)-1-hydroxy-4-(C-hydroxycarbonimidoyl)butylidene]amino}-N-[(1R)-1-{[(1R)-1-[({[(1R)-1-{[(1S)-1-(C-hydroxycarbonimidoyl)-3-(methylsulphanyl)propyl]-C-hydroxycarbonimidoyl}-3-methylbutyl]-C-hydroxycarbonimidoyl}methyl)-C-hydroxycarbonimidoyl]-2-phenylethyl]-C-hydroxycarbonimidoyl}-2-phenylethyl]pentanediimidate	HMDB
(2S)-2-{[(2R)-2-({[(2S)-1-[(2S)-6-amino-2-({[(2R)-1-[(2S)-2-amino-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]pyrrolidin-2-yl](hydroxy)methylidene}amino)hexanoyl]pyrrolidin-2-yl](hydroxy)methylidene}amino)-1-hydroxy-4-(C-hydroxycarbonimidoyl)butylidene]amino}-N-[(1R)-1-{[(1R)-1-[({[(1R)-1-{[(1S)-1-(C-hydroxycarbonimidoyl)-3-(methylsulphanyl)propyl]-C-hydroxycarbonimidoyl}-3-methylbutyl]-C-hydroxycarbonimidoyl}methyl)-C-hydroxycarbonimidoyl]-2-phenylethyl]-C-hydroxycarbonimidoyl}-2-phenylethyl]pentanediimidic acid	HMDB

Chemical Formula

C₆₃H₉₈N₁₈O₁₃S

Average Molecular Weight

1347.63

Monoisotopic Molecular Weight

1346.728146002

IUPAC Name

(2S)-2-[(2R)-2-{[(2S)-1-[(2S)-6-amino-2-{[(2R)-1-[(2S)-2-amino-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]pyrrolidin-2-yl]formamido}hexanoyl]pyrrolidin-2-yl]formamido}-4-carbamoylbutanamido]-N-[(1R)-1-{[(1R)-1-[({[(1R)-1-{[(1S)-1-carbamoyl-3-(methylsulfanyl)propyl]carbamoyl}-3-methylbutyl]carbamoyl}methyl)carbamoyl]-2-phenylethyl]carbamoyl}-2-phenylethyl]pentanediamide

Traditional Name

CAS Registry Number

33507-63-0

SMILES

CSCC[C@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@@H](CC1=CC=CC=C1)NC(=O)[C@@H](CC1=CC=CC=C1)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@@H]1CCCN1C(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)NC(=O)[C@H]1CCCN1C(=O)[C@@H](N)CCCNC(N)=N)C(N)=O

InChI Identifier

InChI=1S/C63H98N18O13S/c1-37(2)33-45(57(89)74-41(53(68)85)27-32-95-3)73-52(84)36-72-54(86)46(34-38-15-6-4-7-16-38)78-58(90)47(35-39-17-8-5-9-18-39)79-56(88)42(23-25-50(66)82)75-55(87)43(24-26-51(67)83)76-59(91)49-22-14-31-81(49)62(94)44(20-10-11-28-64)77-60(92)48-21-13-30-80(48)61(93)40(65)19-12-29-71-63(69)70/h4-9,15-18,37,40-49H,10-14,19-36,64-65H2,1-3H3,(H2,66,82)(H2,67,83)(H2,68,85)(H,72,86)(H,73,84)(H,74,89)(H,75,87)(H,76,91)(H,77,92)(H,78,90)(H,79,88)(H4,69,70,71)/t40-,41-,42-,43+,44-,45+,46+,47+,48+,49-/m0/s1

InChI Key

ADNPLDHMAVUMIW-SGTHPBLKSA-N

Chemical Taxonomy

Description

Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as tocopherols. These are vitamin E derivatives containing a saturated trimethyltridecyl chain attached to the carbon C6 atom of a benzopyran ring system. The differ from tocotrienols that contain an unsaturated trimethyltrideca-3,7,11-trien-1-yl chain.

Kingdom

Organic compounds

Super Class

Lipids and lipid-like molecules

Class

Prenol lipids

Sub Class

Quinone and hydroquinone lipids

Direct Parent

Tocopherols

Alternative Parents

Substituents

Tocopherol
Diterpenoid
1-benzopyran
Benzopyran
Chromane
Alkyl aryl ether
Benzenoid
Oxacycle
Organoheterocyclic compound
Ether
Organic oxygen compound
Hydrocarbon derivative
Organooxygen compound
Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound

Molecular Framework

Aromatic heteropolycyclic compounds

External Descriptors

alpha-tocopherol (CHEBI:18145 )
vitamin E (C02477 )
Fat-soluble vitamins (C02477 )
Vitamin E (LMPR02020000 )

Functional Ontology

Physiological effect

Health effect

Nervous system disorder

Central nervous system disorder

Migraine (HMDB: HMDB01897)

Urine (HMDB: HMDB01897)

Non-excretory biofluid

Biofluid or Excreta

Blood (HMDB: HMDB01897)
Cerebrospinal fluid (HMDB: HMDB01897)

Route of exposure

Enteral

Ingestion (HMDB: HMDB01897)

Source

Exogenous

Exogenous (HMDB: HMDB01897)

Food

Food (HMDB: HMDB01897)

Animal origin

Poultry

Pheasant (FooDB: FOOD00430)
Squab (FooDB: FOOD00481)
Turkey (FooDB: FOOD00494)
Quail (FooDB: FOOD00541)
Anatidae (FooDB: FOOD00576)
Rock ptarmigan (FooDB: FOOD00597)
Columbidae (Dove, Pigeon) (FooDB: FOOD00610)
Chicken (FooDB: FOOD00329)
Mallard duck (FooDB: FOOD00353)
Emu (FooDB: FOOD00360)
Greylag goose (FooDB: FOOD00368)
Guinea hen (FooDB: FOOD00373)
Ostrich (FooDB: FOOD00422)
Velvet duck (FooDB: FOOD00427)

Lagomorph

Ovis

Sheep (Mutton, Lamb) (FooDB: FOOD00473)

Bovine

Venison

Deer (FooDB: FOOD00524)
Mule deer (FooDB: FOOD00348)
Elk (FooDB: FOOD00359)

Caprae

Domestic goat (FooDB: FOOD00529)

Swine

Domestic pig (FooDB: FOOD00536)
Wild boar (FooDB: FOOD00307)

Equine

Horse (FooDB: FOOD00378)

Cereal and cereal product

Cereal

Common wheat (FooDB: FOOD00187)

Endogenous

Endogenous (HMDB: HMDB01897)

Plant

Poaceae (HMDB: HMDB01897)

Process

Not Available

Role

Not Available

Physical Properties

Predicted Properties

Property	Value	Source
Water Solubility	0.023 g/L	ALOGPS
logP	-0.15	ALOGPS
logP	-5.8	ChemAxon
logS	-4.8	ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)	11.49	ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)	11.9	ChemAxon
Physiological Charge	3	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count	18	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count	16	ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area	516.63 Å²	ChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count	42	ChemAxon
Refractivity	362.14 m³·mol⁻¹	ChemAxon
Polarizability	141.28 Å³	ChemAxon
Number of Rings	4	ChemAxon
Bioavailability	No	ChemAxon
Rule of Five	No	ChemAxon
Ghose Filter	No	ChemAxon
Veber's Rule	No	ChemAxon
MDDR-like Rule	Yes	ChemAxon

External Links

HMDB ID

HMDB0001897

DrugBank ID

Not Available

Phenol Explorer Compound ID

Not Available

FooDB ID

FDB002259

KNApSAcK ID

Not Available

Chemspider ID

23215821

KEGG Compound ID

Not Available

BioCyc ID

Not Available

BiGG ID

Not Available

Wikipedia Link

Substance P

METLIN ID

Not Available

PubChem Compound

44359816

PDB ID

Not Available

ChEBI ID

332416

Food Biomarker Ontology

Not Available

References

Synthesis Reference

Not Available

Showing chemical card for Substance P (CFc000333072)

MOL for CFc000333072 (Substance P)

3D MOL for CFc000333072 (Substance P)

3D SDF for CFc000333072 (Substance P)

3D-SDF for CFc000333072 (Substance P)

PDB for CFc000333072 (Substance P)

3D PDB for CFc000333072 (Substance P)

SMILES for CFc000333072 (Substance P)

INCHI for CFc000333072 (Substance P)

Structure for CFc000333072 (Substance P)

3D Structure for CFc000333072 (Substance P)