ChemFOnt: Showing chemical card for 3-methylbut-2-enoyl-CoA (CFc000280935)

Record Information

Version

1.0

Creation Date

2022-08-28 10:25:12 UTC

Update Date

2022-09-14 03:31:49 UTC

Chemfont ID

CFc000280935

Molecule Identification

Common Name

3-methylbut-2-enoyl-CoA

Definition

3-methylbut-2-enoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA or acyl-coenzyme A. More specifically, it is a 3-methylbut-2-enoic acid thioester of coenzyme A. 3-methylbut-2-enoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA with 4 fatty acid group as the acyl moiety attached to coenzyme A. Coenzyme A was discovered in 1946 by Fritz Lipmann (Journal of Biological Chemistry (1946) 162 (3): 743–744) and its structure was determined in the early 1950s at the Lister Institute in London. Coenzyme A is a complex, thiol-containing molecule that is naturally synthesized from pantothenate (vitamin B5), which is found in various foods such as meat, vegetables, cereal grains, legumes, eggs, and milk. More specifically, coenzyme A (CoASH or CoA) consists of a beta-mercaptoethylamine group linked to the vitamin pantothenic acid (B5) through an amide linkage and 3'-phosphorylated ADP. Coenzyme A is synthesized in a five-step process that requires four molecules of ATP, pantothenate and cysteine. It is believed that there are more than 1100 types of acyl-CoA’s in the human body, which also corresponds to the number of acylcarnitines in the human body. Acyl-CoAs exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. The general role of acyl-CoA’s is to assist in transferring fatty acids from the cytoplasm to mitochondria. This process facilitates the production of fatty acids in cells, which are essential in cell membrane structure. Acyl-CoA's are also susceptible to beta oxidation, forming, ultimately, acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA can enter the citric acid cycle, eventually forming several equivalents of ATP. In this way, fats are converted to ATP -- or biochemical energy. Acyl-CoAs can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain acyl-CoAs; 2) medium-chain acyl-CoAs; 3) long-chain acyl-CoAs; and 4) very long-chain acyl-CoAs; 5) hydroxy acyl-CoAs; 6) branched chain acyl-CoAs; 7) unsaturated acyl-CoAs; 8) dicarboxylic acyl-CoAs and 9) miscellaneous acyl-CoAs. Short-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with two to four carbons (C2-C4), medium-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with five to eleven carbons (C5-C11), long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with twelve to twenty carbons (C12-C20) while very long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl groups with more than 20 carbons. 3-methylbut-2-enoyl-coa is therefore classified as a short chain acyl-CoA. The oxidative degradation of fatty acids is a two-step process, catalyzed by acyl-CoA synthetase/synthase. Fatty acids are first converted to their acyl phosphate, the precursor to acyl-CoA. The latter conversion is mediated by acyl-CoA synthase. Three types of acyl-CoA synthases are employed, depending on the chain length of the fatty acid. 3-methylbut-2-enoyl-coa, being a short chain acyl-CoA is a substrate for short chain acyl-CoA synthase. The second step of fatty acid degradation is beta oxidation. Beta oxidation occurs in mitochondria and, in the case of very long chain acyl-CoAs, the peroxisome. After its formation in the cytosol, 3-methylbut-2-enoyl-CoA is transported into the mitochondria, the locus of beta oxidation. Transport of 3-methylbut-2-enoyl-CoA into the mitochondria requires carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), which converts 3-methylbut-2-enoyl-CoA into 3-methylbut-2-enoylcarnitine, which gets transported into the mitochondrial matrix. Once in the matrix, 3-methylbut-2-enoylcarnitine is converted back to 3-methylbut-2-enoyl-CoA by CPT2, whereupon beta-oxidation can begin. Beta oxidation of 3-methylbut-2-enoyl-CoA occurs in four steps. First, since 3-methylbut-2-enoyl-CoA is a short chain acyl-CoA it is the substrate for a short chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, which catalyzes dehydrogenation of 3-methylbut-2-enoyl-CoA, creating a double bond between the alpha and beta carbons. FAD is the hydrogen acceptor, yielding FADH2. Second, Enoyl-CoA hydrase catalyzes the addition of water across the newly formed double bond to make an alcohol. Third, 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase oxidizes the alcohol group to a ketone and NADH is produced from NAD+. Finally, Thiolase cleaves between the alpha carbon and ketone to release one molecule of acetyl-CoA and a new acyl-CoA which is now 2 carbons shorter. This four-step process repeats until 3-methylbut-2-enoyl-CoA has had all its carbons removed from the chain, leaving only acetyl-CoA. Beta oxidation, as well as alpha-oxidation, also occurs in the peroxisome. The peroxisome handles beta oxidation of fatty acids that have more than 20 carbons in their chain because the peroxisome contains very-long-chain Acyl-CoA synthetases and dehydrogenases. The heart primarily metabolizes fat for energy and Acyl-CoA metabolism has been identified as a critical molecule in early-stage heart muscle pump failure. Cellular acyl-CoA content also correlates with insulin resistance, suggesting that it can mediate lipotoxicity in non-adipose tissues. Acyl-CoA: diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) plays an important role in energy metabolism on account of key enzyme in triglyceride biosynthesis. The study of acyl-CoAs is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acyl-CoAs will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered for these molecules.

Structure

MOL SDF PDB SMILES InChI

Synonyms

Not Available

Chemical Formula

C₂₆H₄₂N₇O₁₇P₃S

Average Molecular Weight

849.64

Monoisotopic Molecular Weight

849.157075088

IUPAC Name

{[5-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-4-hydroxy-2-({[hydroxy({[hydroxy(3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-3-{[2-({2-[(3-methylbut-2-enoyl)sulfanyl]ethyl}carbamoyl)ethyl]carbamoyl}propoxy)phosphoryl]oxy})phosphoryl]oxy}methyl)oxolan-3-yl]oxy}phosphonic acid

Traditional Name

[5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-4-hydroxy-2-({[hydroxy([hydroxy(3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-3-{[2-({2-[(3-methylbut-2-enoyl)sulfanyl]ethyl}carbamoyl)ethyl]carbamoyl}propoxy)phosphoryl]oxy)phosphoryl]oxy}methyl)oxolan-3-yl]oxyphosphonic acid

CAS Registry Number

793193-48-3

SMILES

CC(C)=CC(=O)SCCNC(=O)CCNC(=O)C(O)C(C)(C)COP(O)(=O)OP(O)(=O)OCC1OC(C(O)C1OP(O)(O)=O)N1C=NC2=C1N=CN=C2N

InChI Identifier

InChI=1S/C26H42N7O17P3S/c1-14(2)9-17(35)54-8-7-28-16(34)5-6-29-24(38)21(37)26(3,4)11-47-53(44,45)50-52(42,43)46-10-15-20(49-51(39,40)41)19(36)25(48-15)33-13-32-18-22(27)30-12-31-23(18)33/h9,12-13,15,19-21,25,36-37H,5-8,10-11H2,1-4H3,(H,28,34)(H,29,38)(H,42,43)(H,44,45)(H2,27,30,31)(H2,39,40,41)

InChI Key

BXIPALATIYNHJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Chemical Taxonomy

Description

Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as acyl coas. These are organic compounds containing a coenzyme A substructure linked to an acyl chain.

Kingdom

Organic compounds

Super Class

Lipids and lipid-like molecules

Class

Fatty Acyls

Sub Class

Fatty acyl thioesters

Direct Parent

Acyl CoAs

Alternative Parents

Substituents

Coenzyme a or derivatives
Purine ribonucleoside 3',5'-bisphosphate
Purine ribonucleoside bisphosphate
Purine ribonucleoside diphosphate
Ribonucleoside 3'-phosphate
Pentose phosphate
Pentose-5-phosphate
Beta amino acid or derivatives
Glycosyl compound
N-glycosyl compound
6-aminopurine
Monosaccharide phosphate
Organic pyrophosphate
Pentose monosaccharide
Imidazopyrimidine
Purine
Monoalkyl phosphate
Aminopyrimidine
Imidolactam
N-acyl-amine
N-substituted imidazole
Organic phosphoric acid derivative
Monosaccharide
Pyrimidine
Alkyl phosphate
Fatty amide
Phosphoric acid ester
Tetrahydrofuran
Imidazole
Azole
Heteroaromatic compound
Carbothioic s-ester
Secondary alcohol
Thiocarboxylic acid ester
Carboxamide group
Secondary carboxylic acid amide
Amino acid or derivatives
Sulfenyl compound
Thiocarboxylic acid or derivatives
Organoheterocyclic compound
Azacycle
Oxacycle
Carboxylic acid derivative
Organosulfur compound
Organic oxygen compound
Hydrocarbon derivative
Carbonyl group
Organic nitrogen compound
Primary amine
Organopnictogen compound
Organic oxide
Organooxygen compound
Organonitrogen compound
Alcohol
Amine
Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound

Molecular Framework

Aromatic heteropolycyclic compounds

External Descriptors

Not Available

Functional Ontology

Not Available

Not Available

Not Available

Not Available

Physical Properties

Predicted Properties

Property	Value	Source
Water Solubility	3.57 g/L	ALOGPS
logP	-0.33	ALOGPS
logP	-4.3	ChemAxon
logS	-2.4	ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)	0.82	ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)	4.01	ChemAxon
Physiological Charge	-4	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count	17	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count	9	ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area	363.63 Å²	ChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count	21	ChemAxon
Refractivity	186.81 m³·mol⁻¹	ChemAxon
Polarizability	77.12 Å³	ChemAxon
Number of Rings	3	ChemAxon
Bioavailability	No	ChemAxon
Rule of Five	No	ChemAxon
Ghose Filter	No	ChemAxon
Veber's Rule	No	ChemAxon
MDDR-like Rule	Yes	ChemAxon

External Links

HMDB ID

HMDB0301419

DrugBank ID

Not Available

Phenol Explorer Compound ID

Not Available

FooDB ID

Not Available

KNApSAcK ID

Not Available

Chemspider ID

KEGG Compound ID

Not Available

BioCyc ID

Not Available

BiGG ID

Not Available

Wikipedia Link

Not Available

METLIN ID

Not Available

PubChem Compound

PDB ID

Not Available

ChEBI ID

Not Available

Food Biomarker Ontology

Not Available

References

Synthesis Reference

Not Available

Showing chemical card for 3-methylbut-2-enoyl-CoA (CFc000280935)

MOL for CFc000280935 (3-methylbut-2-enoyl-CoA)

3D MOL for CFc000280935 (3-methylbut-2-enoyl-CoA)

3D SDF for CFc000280935 (3-methylbut-2-enoyl-CoA)

3D-SDF for CFc000280935 (3-methylbut-2-enoyl-CoA)

PDB for CFc000280935 (3-methylbut-2-enoyl-CoA)

3D PDB for CFc000280935 (3-methylbut-2-enoyl-CoA)

SMILES for CFc000280935 (3-methylbut-2-enoyl-CoA)

INCHI for CFc000280935 (3-methylbut-2-enoyl-CoA)

Structure for CFc000280935 (3-methylbut-2-enoyl-CoA)

3D Structure for CFc000280935 (3-methylbut-2-enoyl-CoA)