ChemFOnt: Showing chemical card for Galactosylceramide (d18:1/20:0) (CFc000006716)

Record Information

Version

1.0

Creation Date

2022-08-28 10:25:12 UTC

Update Date

2022-09-13 18:52:47 UTC

Chemfont ID

CFc000006716

Molecule Identification

Common Name

Galactosylceramide (d18:1/20:0)

Definition

Galactosylceramides (GalCer) are non-acidic monoglycosphingolipids, i.e. a sphingolipid with one carbohydrate moiety attached to a ceramide unit. They are an intermediate in sphingolipid metabolism and is the second to last step in the synthesis of digalactosylceramidesulfate. GalCer is generated from ceramide via the enzyme UDP-galactose ceramide galactosyltransferase [EC:2.4.1.47]. It can be converted to digalactosylceramide via the enzyme glycosyltransferases [EC 2.4.1.-]. Galactosylceramide is the principal glycosphingolipid in brain tissue, hence the trivial name "cerebroside", which was first conferred on it in 1874. Galactosylceramides are found in all nervous tissues, but they can amount to 2% of the dry weight of grey matter and 12% of white matter. They are major constituents of oligodendrocytes. Synthesis of galactosylceramide takes place on the lumenal surface of the endoplasmic reticulum, although it has free access to the cytosolic surface by an energy-independent flip-flop process. GalCer sits in the extracellular leaflet of cell membranes in nanometer sized domains or rafts. The local clustering of GalCer within rafts is thought to facilitate the initial adhesion of certain viruses, including HIV-1 and bacteria to cells through multivalent interactions between receptor proteins and GalCer. A defect in the degradation of cerbrosides leads to a disorder called Krabbe disease. Krabbe disease (also known as globoid cell leukodystrophy or galactosylceramide lipidosis) is a rare, often fatal degenerative disorder that affects the myelin sheath of the nervous system. Krabbe disease is caused by mutations in the GALC gene, which causes a deficiency of galactosylceramidase. Infants with Krabbe disease are normal at birth. Symptoms begin between the ages of 3 and 6 months with irritability, fevers, limb stiffness, seizures, feeding difficulties, vomiting, and slowing of mental and motor development. There are also juvenile- and adult-onset cases of Krabbe disease, which have similar symptoms but slower progression. In infants, the disease is generally fatal before age 2. Patients with late-onset Krabbe disease tend to have a slower progression of the disease and live significantly longer.Cerebrosides are glycosphingolipids. There are four types of glycosphingolipids, the cerebrosides, sulfatides, globosides and gangliosides. Cerebrosides have a single sugar group linked to ceramide. The most common are galactocerebrosides (containing galactose), the least common are glucocerebrosides (containing glucose). Galactocerebrosides are found predominantly in neuronal cell membranes. In contrast glucocerebrosides are not normally found in membranes. Instead, they are typically intermediates in the synthesis or degradation of more complex glycosphingolipids. Galactocerebrosides are synthesized from ceramide and UDP-galactose. Excess lysosomal accumulation of glucocerebrosides is found in Gaucher disease.

Structure

MOL SDF PDB SMILES InChI

Synonyms

Not Available

Chemical Formula

C₄₄H₈₅NO₈

Average Molecular Weight

756.1476

Monoisotopic Molecular Weight

755.627518701

IUPAC Name

N-(3-hydroxy-1-{[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}octadec-4-en-2-yl)icosanamide

Traditional Name

N-(3-hydroxy-1-{[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}octadec-4-en-2-yl)icosanamide

CAS Registry Number

None

SMILES

[H][C@]1(CO)O[C@@]([H])(OCC(NC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)C(O)C=CCCCCCCCCCCCCC)[C@]([H])(O)[C@@]([H])(O)[C@@]1([H])O

InChI Identifier

InChI=1S/C44H85NO8/c1-3-5-7-9-11-13-15-17-18-19-20-22-24-26-28-30-32-34-40(48)45-37(36-52-44-43(51)42(50)41(49)39(35-46)53-44)38(47)33-31-29-27-25-23-21-16-14-12-10-8-6-4-2/h31,33,37-39,41-44,46-47,49-51H,3-30,32,34-36H2,1-2H3,(H,45,48)/t37?,38?,39-,41+,42+,43-,44-/m1/s1

InChI Key

DFELABABMXOKTD-YPFHOHCESA-N

Chemical Taxonomy

Description

Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as glycosyl-n-acylsphingosines. Glycosyl-N-acylsphingosines are compounds containing a sphingosine linked to a simple glucosyl moiety.

Kingdom

Organic compounds

Super Class

Lipids and lipid-like molecules

Class

Sphingolipids

Sub Class

Glycosphingolipids

Direct Parent

Glycosyl-N-acylsphingosines

Alternative Parents

Substituents

Glycosyl-n-acylsphingosine
Fatty acyl glycoside of mono- or disaccharide
Fatty acyl glycoside
Hexose monosaccharide
Alkyl glycoside
O-glycosyl compound
Glycosyl compound
Fatty acyl
Oxane
N-acyl-amine
Monosaccharide
Fatty amide
Secondary carboxylic acid amide
Secondary alcohol
Carboxamide group
Oxacycle
Organoheterocyclic compound
Polyol
Carboxylic acid derivative
Acetal
Organic nitrogen compound
Organic oxygen compound
Organopnictogen compound
Organic oxide
Hydrocarbon derivative
Primary alcohol
Organooxygen compound
Organonitrogen compound
Carbonyl group
Alcohol
Aliphatic heteromonocyclic compound

Molecular Framework

Aliphatic heteromonocyclic compounds

External Descriptors

Not Available

Functional Ontology

Not Available

All Tissues (HMDB: HMDB0010710)

Cellular substructure

Membrane (HMDB: HMDB0010710)
Extracellular (HMDB: HMDB0010710)

Source

Exogenous

Exogenous (HMDB: HMDB0010710)

Food

Animal origin

Poultry

Pheasant (FooDB: FOOD00430)
Squab (FooDB: FOOD00481)
Turkey (FooDB: FOOD00494)
Quail (FooDB: FOOD00541)
Anatidae (FooDB: FOOD00576)
Rock ptarmigan (FooDB: FOOD00597)
Columbidae (Dove, Pigeon) (FooDB: FOOD00610)
Chicken (FooDB: FOOD00329)
Mallard duck (FooDB: FOOD00353)
Emu (FooDB: FOOD00360)
Greylag goose (FooDB: FOOD00368)
Guinea hen (FooDB: FOOD00373)
Ostrich (FooDB: FOOD00422)
Velvet duck (FooDB: FOOD00427)

Lagomorph

Ovis

Sheep (Mutton, Lamb) (FooDB: FOOD00473)

Bovine

Venison

Deer (FooDB: FOOD00524)
Mule deer (FooDB: FOOD00348)
Elk (FooDB: FOOD00359)

Caprae

Domestic goat (FooDB: FOOD00529)

Swine

Domestic pig (FooDB: FOOD00536)
Wild boar (FooDB: FOOD00307)

Equine

Horse (FooDB: FOOD00378)

Milk and milk product

Unfermented milk

Milk (Cow) (FooDB: FOOD00618)

Endogenous

Endogenous (HMDB: HMDB0010710)

Process

Not Available

Role

Not Available

Physical Properties

Predicted Properties

Property	Value	Source
Water Solubility	0.00047 g/L	ALOGPS
logP	8.5	ALOGPS
logP	10.87	ChemAxon
logS	-6.2	ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)	12.18	ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)	0.019	ChemAxon
Physiological Charge	0	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count	8	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count	6	ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area	148.71 Å²	ChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count	37	ChemAxon
Refractivity	216.59 m³·mol⁻¹	ChemAxon
Polarizability	97.06 Å³	ChemAxon
Number of Rings	1	ChemAxon
Bioavailability	No	ChemAxon
Rule of Five	No	ChemAxon
Ghose Filter	No	ChemAxon
Veber's Rule	No	ChemAxon
MDDR-like Rule	No	ChemAxon

External Links

HMDB ID

Not Available

DrugBank ID

Not Available

Phenol Explorer Compound ID

Not Available

FooDB ID

FDB027860

KNApSAcK ID

Not Available

Chemspider ID

Not Available

KEGG Compound ID

Not Available

BioCyc ID

Not Available

BiGG ID

Not Available

Wikipedia Link

Not Available

METLIN ID

Not Available

PubChem Compound

Not Available

PDB ID

Not Available

ChEBI ID

Not Available

Food Biomarker Ontology

Not Available

References

Synthesis Reference

Not Available

Showing chemical card for Galactosylceramide (d18:1/20:0) (CFc000006716)

MOL for CFc000006716 (Galactosylceramide (d18:1/20:0))

3D MOL for CFc000006716 (Galactosylceramide (d18:1/20:0))

3D SDF for CFc000006716 (Galactosylceramide (d18:1/20:0))

3D-SDF for CFc000006716 (Galactosylceramide (d18:1/20:0))

PDB for CFc000006716 (Galactosylceramide (d18:1/20:0))

3D PDB for CFc000006716 (Galactosylceramide (d18:1/20:0))

SMILES for CFc000006716 (Galactosylceramide (d18:1/20:0))

INCHI for CFc000006716 (Galactosylceramide (d18:1/20:0))

Structure for CFc000006716 (Galactosylceramide (d18:1/20:0))

3D Structure for CFc000006716 (Galactosylceramide (d18:1/20:0))