ChemFOnt: Showing chemical card for Beta-Leucine (CFc000001941)

Record Information

Version

1.0

Creation Date

2022-08-28 10:25:12 UTC

Update Date

2022-09-13 18:46:42 UTC

Chemfont ID

CFc000001941

Molecule Identification

Common Name

Beta-Leucine

Definition

Beta-leucine is a metabolite that is in the middle of a controversy over its presence in the human body. While there are reports that claim it as a human metabolite, there are others that deny its existence. Two examples:. Circulating levels of beta-leucine are elevated in the cobalamin-deficient state of pernicious anemia. Levels of leucine, on the other hand, are much lower. It is proposed that leucine 2,3-aminomutase, the cobalamin-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the interconversion of leucine and beta-leucine, is the affected enzyme in pernicious anemia and causes these results by preventing the synthesis of leucine from beta-leucine. The synthesis of leucine by human leukocytes and hair roots and by rat liver extracts has been shown to occur when either branched chain fatty acids or valine metabolites are the substances. The synthesis is dependent upon adenosylcobalamin and is inhibited by intrinsic factor (PMID:7430116 ). Using forms of beta-leucine and leucine that contain several deuterium atoms in place of several hydrogen atoms as internal standards, techniques have been developed which make it possible to detect and quantitate as little as 0.1 mumol/liter of beta-leucine or leucine in human serum and in incubations containing rat liver supernatant. beta-Leucine was not detectable, i.e. less than 0.1 mumol/liter, in any sera from 50 normal human subjects or in any sera from 50 cobalamin-deficient patients. Experiments in which beta-leucine, leucine, isostearic acid, or isocaproic acid were incubated with rat liver supernatant in the presence or absence of adenosylcobalamin or cobalamin-binding protein failed to demonstrate the formation of leucine or beta-leucine or their interconversion under any of the conditions studied. We conclude that beta-leucine is not present in human blood and that the existence of leucine 2,3-aminomutase in mammalian tissues remains to be established (PMID 3356699 ). Beta-leucine is found to be associated with cobalamin deficiency, which is an inborn error of metabolism.

Structure

MOL SDF PDB SMILES InChI

Synonyms

Value	Source
(S)-Homo-beta-val	ChEBI
(S)-Homo-b-val	Generator
(S)-Homo-β-val	Generator
b-Leucine	Generator
Β-leucine	Generator
3-Amino-4-methylpentanoic acid	MeSH
beta-2-amino-4-Methylvaleric acid	HMDB
L-beta-Leucine	HMDB
(3S)-b-Leucine	Generator, HMDB
(3S)-Β-leucine	Generator, HMDB
beta-Leucine	MeSH

Chemical Formula

C₆H₁₃NO₂

Average Molecular Weight

131.1729

Monoisotopic Molecular Weight

131.094628665

IUPAC Name

(3S)-3-amino-4-methylpentanoic acid

Traditional Name

β-leucine

CAS Registry Number

5699-54-7

SMILES

CC(C)[C@@H](N)CC(O)=O

InChI Identifier

InChI=1S/C6H13NO2/c1-4(2)5(7)3-6(8)9/h4-5H,3,7H2,1-2H3,(H,8,9)/t5-/m0/s1

InChI Key

GLUJNGJDHCTUJY-YFKPBYRVSA-N

Chemical Taxonomy

Description

Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as beta amino acids and derivatives. These are amino acids having a (-NH2) group attached to the beta carbon atom.

Kingdom

Organic compounds

Super Class

Organic acids and derivatives

Class

Carboxylic acids and derivatives

Sub Class

Amino acids, peptides, and analogues

Direct Parent

Beta amino acids and derivatives

Alternative Parents

Substituents

Beta amino acid or derivatives
Amino fatty acid
Branched fatty acid
Methyl-branched fatty acid
Fatty acyl
Fatty acid
Amino acid
Carboxylic acid
Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
Amine
Primary amine
Organooxygen compound
Organonitrogen compound
Hydrocarbon derivative
Primary aliphatic amine
Organic oxide
Carbonyl group
Organopnictogen compound
Organic oxygen compound
Organic nitrogen compound
Aliphatic acyclic compound

Molecular Framework

Aliphatic acyclic compounds

External Descriptors

beta-leucine (CHEBI:86261 )

Functional Ontology

Physiological effect

Health effect

Nutritional disorder

Vitamin B12 deficiency (HMDB: HMDB0003640)

Disposition

Biological location

Non-excretory biofluid

Biofluid or Excreta

Blood (PMID: 3356699)

Source

Endogenous

Endogenous (HMDB: HMDB0003640)

Pheasant (FooDB: FOOD00430)
Squab (FooDB: FOOD00481)
Turkey (FooDB: FOOD00494)
Quail (FooDB: FOOD00541)
Anatidae (FooDB: FOOD00576)
Rock ptarmigan (FooDB: FOOD00597)
Columbidae (Dove, Pigeon) (FooDB: FOOD00610)
Chicken (FooDB: FOOD00329)
Mallard duck (FooDB: FOOD00353)
Emu (FooDB: FOOD00360)
Greylag goose (FooDB: FOOD00368)
Guinea hen (FooDB: FOOD00373)
Ostrich (FooDB: FOOD00422)
Velvet duck (FooDB: FOOD00427)

Lagomorph

Ovis

Sheep (Mutton, Lamb) (FooDB: FOOD00473)

Bovine

Venison

Deer (FooDB: FOOD00524)
Mule deer (FooDB: FOOD00348)
Elk (FooDB: FOOD00359)

Caprae

Domestic goat (FooDB: FOOD00529)

Swine

Domestic pig (FooDB: FOOD00536)
Wild boar (FooDB: FOOD00307)

Equine

Horse (FooDB: FOOD00378)

Process

Not Available

Role

Not Available

Physical Properties

Predicted Properties

Property	Value	Source
Water Solubility	126 g/L	ALOGPS
logP	-2.1	ALOGPS
logP	-1.9	ChemAxon
logS	-0.02	ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)	4.39	ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)	10.6	ChemAxon
Physiological Charge	0	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count	3	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count	2	ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area	63.32 Å²	ChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count	3	ChemAxon
Refractivity	34.12 m³·mol⁻¹	ChemAxon
Polarizability	14.07 Å³	ChemAxon
Number of Rings	0	ChemAxon
Bioavailability	Yes	ChemAxon
Rule of Five	Yes	ChemAxon
Ghose Filter	No	ChemAxon
Veber's Rule	No	ChemAxon
MDDR-like Rule	No	ChemAxon