ChemFOnt: Showing chemical card for L-Glutamic acid (CFc000000095)

Record Information

Version

1.0

Creation Date

2022-08-28 10:25:12 UTC

Update Date

2022-09-13 18:44:24 UTC

Chemfont ID

CFc000000095

Molecule Identification

Common Name

L-Glutamic acid

Definition

Glutamic acid (Glu), also known as L-glutamic acid or as glutamate, the name of its anion, is an alpha-amino acid. These are amino acids in which the amino group is attached to the carbon atom immediately adjacent to the carboxylate group (alpha carbon). Amino acids are organic compounds that contain amino (-NH2) and carboxyl (-COOH) functional groups, along with a side chain (R group) specific to each amino acid. L-glutamic acid is one of 20 proteinogenic amino acids, i.e., the amino acids used in the biosynthesis of proteins. Glutamic acid is found in all organisms ranging from bacteria to plants to animals. It is classified as an acidic, charged (at physiological pH), aliphatic amino acid. In humans it is a non-essential amino acid and can be synthesized via alanine or aspartic acid via alpha-ketoglutarate and the action of various transaminases. Glutamate also plays an important role in the body's disposal of excess or waste nitrogen. Glutamate undergoes deamination, an oxidative reaction catalysed by glutamate dehydrogenase leading to alpha-ketoglutarate. In many respects glutamate is a key molecule in cellular metabolism. Glutamate is the most abundant fast excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian nervous system. At chemical synapses, glutamate is stored in vesicles. Nerve impulses trigger release of glutamate from the pre-synaptic cell. In the opposing post-synaptic cell, glutamate receptors, such as the NMDA receptor, bind glutamate and are activated. Because of its role in synaptic plasticity, it is believed that glutamic acid is involved in cognitive functions like learning and memory in the brain. Glutamate transporters are found in neuronal and glial membranes. They rapidly remove glutamate from the extracellular space. In brain injury or disease, they can work in reverse and excess glutamate can accumulate outside cells. This process causes calcium ions to enter cells via NMDA receptor channels, leading to neuronal damage and eventual cell death, and is called excitotoxicity. The mechanisms of cell death include: Damage to mitochondria from excessively high intracellular Ca2+. Glu/Ca2+-mediated promotion of transcription factors for pro-apoptotic genes, or downregulation of transcription factors for anti-apoptotic genes. Excitotoxicity due to glutamate occurs as part of the ischemic cascade and is associated with stroke and diseases like amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, lathyrism, and Alzheimer's disease. Glutamic acid has been implicated in epileptic seizures. Microinjection of glutamic acid into neurons produces spontaneous depolarization around one second apart, and this firing pattern is similar to what is known as paroxysmal depolarizing shift in epileptic attacks. This change in the resting membrane potential at seizure foci could cause spontaneous opening of voltage activated calcium channels, leading to glutamic acid release and further depolarization (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glutamic_acid). Glutamate was discovered in 1866 when it was extracted from wheat gluten (from where it got its name. Glutamate has an important role as a food additive and food flavoring agent. In 1908, Japanese researcher Kikunae Ikeda identified brown crystals left behind after the evaporation of a large amount of kombu broth (a Japanese soup) as glutamic acid. These crystals, when tasted, reproduced a salty, savory flavor detected in many foods, most especially in seaweed. Professor Ikeda termed this flavor umami. He then patented a method of mass-producing a crystalline salt of glutamic acid, monosodium glutamate.

Structure

MOL SDF PDB SMILES InChI

Synonyms

Value	Source
(S)-2-Aminopentanedioic acid	ChEBI
(S)-Glutamic acid	ChEBI
Acide glutamique	ChEBI
Acido glutamico	ChEBI
Acidum glutamicum	ChEBI
E	ChEBI
Glu	ChEBI
Glutamate	ChEBI
GLUTAMIC ACID	ChEBI
L-Glu	ChEBI
L-Glutaminic acid	ChEBI
L-Glutaminsaeure	ChEBI
(S)-2-Aminopentanedioate	Generator
(S)-Glutamate	Generator
L-Glutaminate	Generator
L-Glutamate	Generator
(2S)-2-Aminopentanedioate	HMDB
(2S)-2-Aminopentanedioic acid	HMDB
(S)-(+)-Glutamate	HMDB
(S)-(+)-Glutamic acid	HMDB
1-Amino-propane-1,3-dicarboxylate	HMDB
1-Amino-propane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid	HMDB
1-Aminopropane-1,3-dicarboxylate	HMDB
1-Aminopropane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid	HMDB
2-Aminoglutarate	HMDB
2-Aminoglutaric acid	HMDB
2-Aminopentanedioate	HMDB
2-Aminopentanedioic acid	HMDB
a-Aminoglutarate	HMDB
a-Aminoglutaric acid	HMDB
a-Glutamate	HMDB
a-Glutamic acid	HMDB
Aciglut	HMDB
alpha-Aminoglutarate	HMDB
alpha-Aminoglutaric acid	HMDB
alpha-Glutamate	HMDB
alpha-Glutamic acid	HMDB
Aminoglutarate	HMDB
Aminoglutaric acid	HMDB
Glt	HMDB
Glusate	HMDB
Glut	HMDB
Glutacid	HMDB
Glutamicol	HMDB
Glutamidex	HMDB
Glutaminate	HMDB
Glutaminic acid	HMDB
Glutaminol	HMDB
Glutaton	HMDB
L-(+)-Glutamate	HMDB
L-(+)-Glutamic acid	HMDB
L-a-Aminoglutarate	HMDB
L-a-Aminoglutaric acid	HMDB
L-alpha-Aminoglutarate	HMDB
L-alpha-Aminoglutaric acid	HMDB
D Glutamate	HMDB
Glutamate, potassium	HMDB
Glutamic acid, (D)-isomer	HMDB
L Glutamic acid	HMDB
D-Glutamate	HMDB
L Glutamate	HMDB
Aluminum L glutamate	HMDB
Aluminum L-glutamate	HMDB
L-Glutamate, aluminum	HMDB
Potassium glutamate	HMDB
2-Acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucose	HMDB
D-GlcNAc	HMDB
N-Acetyl-D-glucosamine	HMDB
N-Acetylchitosamine	HMDB
N Acetyl D glucosamine	HMDB
2 Acetamido 2 deoxy D glucose	HMDB
2 Acetamido 2 deoxyglucose	HMDB
2-Acetamido-2-deoxyglucose	HMDB
Acetylglucosamine	HMDB
3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-Trihydroxy-5beta-cholan-24-oylglycine	HMDB
N-[(3alpha,5beta,7alpha,12alpha)-3,7,12-Trihydroxy-24-oxocholan-24-yl]glycine	HMDB
N-Choloylglycine	HMDB
3a,7a,12a-Trihydroxy-5b-cholan-24-oylglycine	HMDB
3Α,7α,12α-trihydroxy-5β-cholan-24-oylglycine	HMDB
N-[(3a,5b,7a,12a)-3,7,12-Trihydroxy-24-oxocholan-24-yl]glycine	HMDB
N-[(3Α,5β,7α,12α)-3,7,12-trihydroxy-24-oxocholan-24-yl]glycine	HMDB
Glycocholate	HMDB
Glycine cholate	HMDB
Glycocholic acid, sodium salt	HMDB
Cholylglycine	HMDB
Glycocholate sodium	HMDB
3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-Trihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid-24-glycine	HMDB
3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-Trihydroxy-N-(carboxymethyl)-5beta-cholan-24-amide	HMDB
3Α,7α,12α-trihydroxy-5β-cholanic acid-24-glycine	HMDB
3Α,7α,12α-trihydroxy-N-(carboxymethyl)-5β-cholan-24-amide	HMDB
Glycoreductodehydrocholic acid	HMDB
Glycylcholate	HMDB
Glycylcholic acid	HMDB
N-(Carboxymethyl)-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholan-24-amide	HMDB
N-(Carboxymethyl)-3α,7α,12α-trihydroxy-5β-cholan-24-amide	HMDB
N-Choloyl-glycine	HMDB
3-Hydroxy-1,3,5(10)-estratrien-17-one	HMDB
Follicular hormone	HMDB
Folliculin	HMDB
Oestrone	HMDB
(+)-Estrone	HMDB
1,3,5(10)-Estratrien-3-ol-17-one	HMDB
3-Hydroxy-17-keto-estra-1,3,5-triene	HMDB
3-Hydroxyestra-1,3,5(10)-trien-17-one	HMDB
3-Hydroxyestra-1,3,5(10)-triene-17-one	HMDB
3-Hydroxyoestra-1,3,5(10)-trien-17-one	HMDB
D1,3,5(10)-Estratrien-3-ol-17-one	HMDB
Estrone, (+-)-isomer	HMDB
Hyrex brand OF estrone	HMDB
Estrone, (9 beta)-isomer	HMDB
Estrovarin	HMDB
Kestrone	HMDB
Wehgen	HMDB
Estrone, (8 alpha)-isomer	HMDB
Hauck brand OF estrone	HMDB
Unigen	HMDB
Vortech brand OF estrone	HMDB
alpha,beta-Hydroxypropionic acid	HMDB
D-GroA	HMDB
R-Glyceric acid	HMDB
Glycerate	HMDB
(R)-Glycerate	HMDB
a,b-Hydroxypropionate	HMDB
a,b-Hydroxypropionic acid	HMDB
alpha,beta-Hydroxypropionate	HMDB
Α,β-hydroxypropionate	HMDB
Α,β-hydroxypropionic acid	HMDB
R-Glycerate	HMDB
(R)-Glyceric acid	HMDB
D-Glycerate	HMDB
D-Glyceric acid	HMDB
(2R)-2,3-Dihydroxypropanoic acid	HMDB
(R)-2,3-Dihydroxypropanoic acid	HMDB
D-2,3-Dihydroxypropanoic acid	HMDB
1-Amino-2-hydroxyethane	HMDB
2-Amino-1-ethanol	HMDB
2-Amino-ethanol	HMDB
2-Aminoethan-1-ol	HMDB
2-Aminoethyl alcohol	HMDB
2-Hydroxyethylamine	HMDB
Aethanolamin	HMDB
Aminoethanol	HMDB
beta-Aminoethanol	HMDB
beta-Aminoethyl alcohol	HMDB
beta-Ethanolamine	HMDB
beta-Hydroxyethylamine	HMDB
Colamine	HMDB
ETA	HMDB
Glycinol	HMDB
Hea	HMDB
MEA	HMDB
MONOETHANOLAMINE	HMDB
b-Aminoethanol	HMDB
Β-aminoethanol	HMDB
b-Aminoethyl alcohol	HMDB
Β-aminoethyl alcohol	HMDB
b-Ethanolamine	HMDB
Β-ethanolamine	HMDB
b-Hydroxyethylamine	HMDB
Β-hydroxyethylamine	HMDB
2-Aminoethanol	HMDB
2-Ethanolamine	HMDB
2-Hydroxyethanamine	HMDB
Envision conditioner PDD 9020	HMDB
Ethylolamine	HMDB
H-Glycinol	HMDB
Monoaethanolamin	HMDB
Olamine	HMDB
2 Aminoethanol	HMDB
(3R,4S,5R)-5-[(1R)-1-Carboxy-2,2-difluoro-1-(phosphonooxy)ethoxy]-4-hydroxy-3-(phosphonooxy)cyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxylate	HMDB
(1S)-2-[(3-O-b-D-Glucopyranosyl-b-D-galactopyranosyl)oxy]-1-{[(9E)-octadec-9-enoyloxy]methyl}ethyl (10E)-nonadec-10-enoate	HMDB
(1S)-2-[(3-O-b-D-Glucopyranosyl-b-D-galactopyranosyl)oxy]-1-{[(9E)-octadec-9-enoyloxy]methyl}ethyl (10E)-nonadec-10-enoic acid	HMDB
(1S)-2-[(3-O-beta-D-Glucopyranosyl-beta-D-galactopyranosyl)oxy]-1-{[(9E)-octadec-9-enoyloxy]methyl}ethyl (10E)-nonadec-10-enoic acid	HMDB
(1S)-2-[(3-O-Β-D-glucopyranosyl-β-D-galactopyranosyl)oxy]-1-{[(9E)-octadec-9-enoyloxy]methyl}ethyl (10E)-nonadec-10-enoate	HMDB
(1S)-2-[(3-O-Β-D-glucopyranosyl-β-D-galactopyranosyl)oxy]-1-{[(9E)-octadec-9-enoyloxy]methyl}ethyl (10E)-nonadec-10-enoic acid	HMDB

Chemical Formula

C₅H₉NO₄

Average Molecular Weight

147.1293

Monoisotopic Molecular Weight

147.053157781

IUPAC Name

(2S)-2-aminopentanedioic acid

Traditional Name

L-glutamic acid

CAS Registry Number

56-86-0

SMILES

N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O

InChI Identifier

InChI=1S/C5H9NO4/c6-3(5(9)10)1-2-4(7)8/h3H,1-2,6H2,(H,7,8)(H,9,10)/t3-/m0/s1

InChI Key

WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-VKHMYHEASA-N

Chemical Taxonomy

Description

Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as glutamic acid and derivatives. Glutamic acid and derivatives are compounds containing glutamic acid or a derivative thereof resulting from reaction of glutamic acid at the amino group or the carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of glycine by a heteroatom.

Kingdom

Organic compounds

Super Class

Organic acids and derivatives

Class

Carboxylic acids and derivatives

Sub Class

Amino acids, peptides, and analogues

Direct Parent

Glutamic acid and derivatives

Alternative Parents

Substituents

Glutamic acid or derivatives
Alpha-amino acid
L-alpha-amino acid
Amino fatty acid
Dicarboxylic acid or derivatives
Fatty acid
Fatty acyl
Amino acid
Carboxylic acid
Organic oxide
Primary amine
Organooxygen compound
Organonitrogen compound
Primary aliphatic amine
Organopnictogen compound
Carbonyl group
Organic oxygen compound
Amine
Organic nitrogen compound
Hydrocarbon derivative
Aliphatic acyclic compound

Molecular Framework

Aliphatic acyclic compounds

External Descriptors

proteinogenic amino acid (CHEBI:16015 )
L-alpha-amino acid (CHEBI:16015 )
glutamic acid (CHEBI:16015 )
glutamine family amino acid (CHEBI:16015 )
Common amino acids (C00025 )
Amino acids (C00025 )

Functional Ontology

Adipose tissue (HMDB: HMDB0000148)
Adipose tissue (HMDB: HMDB0000148)

Epithelium

Epidermis (HMDB: HMDB0000148)

Muscle tissue

Skeletal muscle (HMDB: HMDB0000148)
Skeletal muscle (HMDB: HMDB0000148)

Non-excretory biofluid

Biofluid or Excreta

Blood (PMID: 12297216)
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) (PMID: 9004939)
Saliva (PMID: 12097436)
Cellular Cytoplasm (PMID: 8579834)
Cerebrospinal fluid (HMDB: HMDB0000148)

Cell

Fibroblast

Fibroblast (HMDB: HMDB0000148)

Hematocyte

Platelet (HMDB: HMDB0000148)

Tissue substructure

Muscle (HMDB: HMDB0000148)

Organ substructure

Adrenal medulla (HMDB: HMDB0000148)

Organ

Excreta

Biofluid or Excreta

Urine (PMID: 2026685)
Feces (PMID: 19573517)
Sweat (PMID: 22194922)

Cellular substructure

Organelle

Endoplasmic reticulum (HMDB: HMDB0000148)
Lysosome (HMDB: HMDB0000148)
Mitochondrion (HMDB: HMDB0000148)

Stratum Corneum (HMDB: HMDB0000148)

Route of exposure

Enteral

Ingestion (HMDB: HMDB0000148)

Source

Endogenous

Endogenous (HMDB: HMDB0000148)

Plant

Animal

Animal (HMDB: HMDB0000148)

Exogenous

Food

Food (HMDB: HMDB0000148)

Animal origin

Poultry

Pheasant (FooDB: FOOD00430)
Squab (FooDB: FOOD00481)
Turkey (FooDB: FOOD00494)
Quail (FooDB: FOOD00541)
Anatidae (FooDB: FOOD00576)
Rock ptarmigan (FooDB: FOOD00597)
Columbidae (Dove, Pigeon) (FooDB: FOOD00610)
Chicken (FooDB: FOOD00329)
Mallard duck (FooDB: FOOD00353)
Emu (FooDB: FOOD00360)
Greylag goose (FooDB: FOOD00368)
Guinea hen (FooDB: FOOD00373)
Ostrich (FooDB: FOOD00422)
Velvet duck (FooDB: FOOD00427)

Lagomorph

Ovis

Sheep (Mutton, Lamb) (FooDB: FOOD00473)

Bovine

Venison

Deer (FooDB: FOOD00524)
Mule deer (FooDB: FOOD00348)
Elk (FooDB: FOOD00359)

Caprae

Domestic goat (FooDB: FOOD00529)

Swine

Domestic pig (FooDB: FOOD00536)
Wild boar (FooDB: FOOD00307)

Equine

Horse (FooDB: FOOD00378)

Herb and spice mixture

Curry powder (FooDB: FOOD00678)

Herbs and Spices (FooDB: FOOD00866)

Vegetable

Cabbage

Onion-family vegetable

Allium (FooDB: FOOD00005)
Garden onion (FooDB: FOOD00006)
Leek (FooDB: FOOD00007)
Garden onion (var.) (FooDB: FOOD00226)
Shallot (FooDB: FOOD00243)
Wild leek (FooDB: FOOD00396)
Red onion (FooDB: FOOD00962)
Green onion (FooDB: FOOD00963)
Onion-family vegetables (FooDB: FOOD00855)

Root vegetable

Shoot vegetable

Leaf vegetable

Common beet (FooDB: FOOD00025)
Endive (FooDB: FOOD00048)
Rocket salad (ssp.) (FooDB: FOOD00077)
Swamp cabbage (FooDB: FOOD00091)
Lettuce (FooDB: FOOD00095)
Garden cress (FooDB: FOOD00099)
Spinach (FooDB: FOOD00178)
Swiss chard (FooDB: FOOD00237)
Chicory leaves (FooDB: FOOD00250)
Garland chrysanthemum (FooDB: FOOD00333)
Corn salad (FooDB: FOOD00340)
Jute (FooDB: FOOD00389)
Lambsquarters (FooDB: FOOD00394)
Malabar spinach (FooDB: FOOD00404)
New Zealand spinach (FooDB: FOOD00415)
Yautia (FooDB: FOOD00510)
Ostrich fern (FooDB: FOOD00556)
Romaine lettuce (FooDB: FOOD00888)
Iceberg lettuce (FooDB: FOOD00973)
Pea shoots (FooDB: FOOD00975)
Yau choy (FooDB: FOOD00976)
Water spinach (FooDB: FOOD00977)
Rocket salad (FooDB: FOOD00244)
Green vegetables (FooDB: FOOD00872)

Fruit vegetable

Pepper (FooDB: FOOD00040)
Olive (FooDB: FOOD00121)
Avocado (FooDB: FOOD00130)
Garden tomato (FooDB: FOOD00171)
Cherry tomato (FooDB: FOOD00172)
Garden tomato (var.) (FooDB: FOOD00173)
Eggplant (FooDB: FOOD00174)
Pepper (C. baccatum) (FooDB: FOOD00231)
Pepper (C. chinense) (FooDB: FOOD00232)
Pepper (Capsicum) (FooDB: FOOD00233)
Groundcherry (FooDB: FOOD00371)
Pepper (C. frutescens) (FooDB: FOOD00428)
Mexican groundcherry (FooDB: FOOD00491)
Pepper (C. pubescens) (FooDB: FOOD00849)
Green bell pepper (FooDB: FOOD00877)
Yellow bell pepper (FooDB: FOOD00878)
Orange bell pepper (FooDB: FOOD00879)
Red bell pepper (FooDB: FOOD00880)
Italian sweet red pepper (FooDB: FOOD00881)
Jalapeno pepper (FooDB: FOOD00955)
Cubanelle pepper (FooDB: FOOD00971)

Tuber

Stalk vegetable

Other vegetable

Giant butterbur (FooDB: FOOD00314)
Carob (FooDB: FOOD00321)
Chinese water chestnut (FooDB: FOOD00332)
Horseradish tree (FooDB: FOOD00379)
Sacred lotus (FooDB: FOOD00402)
Nopal (FooDB: FOOD00416)
Okra (FooDB: FOOD00420)
Sesbania flower (FooDB: FOOD00469)
Agave (FooDB: FOOD00563)
Narrowleaf cattail (FooDB: FOOD00564)
Heart of palm (FooDB: FOOD00718)
Tree fern (FooDB: FOOD00797)

Mushroom

Castanospermum australe (FooDB: FOOD00893)
Gentiana lutea (FooDB: FOOD00894)
Juniperus communis (FooDB: FOOD00895)
Albizia gummifera (FooDB: FOOD00896)

Vegetable product

Other vegetable product (FooDB: FOOD00671)

Brassica

Brassicas (FooDB: FOOD00857)

Fruit

Tropical fruit

Citrus

Lime (FooDB: FOOD00053)
Lemon (FooDB: FOOD00054)
Pummelo (FooDB: FOOD00055)
Mandarin orange (Clementine, Tangerine) (FooDB: FOOD00056)
Sweet orange (FooDB: FOOD00057)
Grapefruit/Pummelo hybrid (FooDB: FOOD00255)
Grapefruit (FooDB: FOOD00256)
Persian lime (FooDB: FOOD00543)
Sour orange (FooDB: FOOD00918)
Mikan (FooDB: FOOD00932)
Clementine (FooDB: FOOD00959)
Citrus (FooDB: FOOD00859)

Pome

Berry

Black crowberry (FooDB: FOOD00075)
Strawberry (FooDB: FOOD00083)
Black huckleberry (FooDB: FOOD00084)
Sea-buckthornberry (FooDB: FOOD00087)
Mulberry (FooDB: FOOD00116)
Black mulberry (FooDB: FOOD00117)
Black chokeberry (FooDB: FOOD00136)
Blackcurrant (FooDB: FOOD00155)
Redcurrant (FooDB: FOOD00156)
Gooseberry (FooDB: FOOD00157)
Cloudberry (FooDB: FOOD00161)
Red raspberry (FooDB: FOOD00162)
Black raspberry (FooDB: FOOD00163)
Black elderberry (FooDB: FOOD00166)
Rowanberry (FooDB: FOOD00176)
Vaccinium (Blueberry, Cranberry, Huckleberry) (FooDB: FOOD00188)
Lowbush blueberry (FooDB: FOOD00189)
Sparkleberry (FooDB: FOOD00190)
Highbush blueberry (FooDB: FOOD00191)
American cranberry (FooDB: FOOD00192)
Bilberry (FooDB: FOOD00193)
Lingonberry (FooDB: FOOD00194)
Muscadine grape (FooDB: FOOD00203)
Common grape (FooDB: FOOD00204)
Arctic blackberry (FooDB: FOOD00207)
Bayberry (FooDB: FOOD00209)
Elliott's blueberry (FooDB: FOOD00210)
Canada blueberry (FooDB: FOOD00211)
Bog bilberry (FooDB: FOOD00212)
Buffalo currant (FooDB: FOOD00213)
European cranberry (FooDB: FOOD00217)
Deerberry (FooDB: FOOD00218)
Cascade huckleberry (FooDB: FOOD00220)
Oval-leaf huckleberry (FooDB: FOOD00221)
Evergreen huckleberry (FooDB: FOOD00222)
Red huckleberry (FooDB: FOOD00223)
Summer grape (FooDB: FOOD00227)
Fox grape (FooDB: FOOD00228)
Half-highbush blueberry (FooDB: FOOD00248)
Jostaberry (FooDB: FOOD00257)
Sweet rowanberry (FooDB: FOOD00265)
Skunk currant (FooDB: FOOD00267)
Squashberry (FooDB: FOOD00344)
Elderberry (FooDB: FOOD00358)
Grape (FooDB: FOOD00369)
Alaska blueberry (FooDB: FOOD00380)
Loganberry (FooDB: FOOD00400)
Ohelo berry (FooDB: FOOD00419)
Salmonberry (FooDB: FOOD00456)
Strawberry guava (FooDB: FOOD00482)
Boysenberry (FooDB: FOOD00542)
Chinese bayberry (FooDB: FOOD00852)
Saskatoon berry (FooDB: FOOD00884)
Nanking cherry (FooDB: FOOD00885)
Rabbiteye blueberry (FooDB: FOOD00898)
Blackberry (FooDB: FOOD00906)
Partridge berry (FooDB: FOOD00931)
Green grape (FooDB: FOOD00964)
Red grape (FooDB: FOOD00965)
Black plum (FooDB: FOOD00966)
Black raisin (FooDB: FOOD00968)
Chinese plum (FooDB: FOOD00978)
Green plum (FooDB: FOOD00979)
Wampee (FooDB: FOOD00980)
Goji (FooDB: FOOD00982)
Monk fruit (FooDB: FOOD00983)
Hawthorn (FooDB: FOOD00985)
Lantern fruit (FooDB: FOOD00986)
Cape gooseberry (FooDB: FOOD00988)
Rubus (Blackberry, Raspberry) (FooDB: FOOD00160)

Other fruit

Fig (FooDB: FOOD00081)
Date (FooDB: FOOD00135)
Jujube (FooDB: FOOD00388)

Drupe

Prunus (Cherry, Plum) (FooDB: FOOD00143)
Apricot (FooDB: FOOD00144)
Sweet cherry (FooDB: FOOD00145)
Sour cherry (FooDB: FOOD00146)
European plum (FooDB: FOOD00147)
Peach (FooDB: FOOD00149)
Nectarine (FooDB: FOOD00229)
Peach (var.) (FooDB: FOOD00230)
Common chokecherry (FooDB: FOOD00562)

Fruit product

Other fruit product (FooDB: FOOD00765)
Fruit preserve (FooDB: FOOD00660)

Fruits (FooDB: FOOD00871)

Nut

Cashew nut (FooDB: FOOD00011)
Peanut (FooDB: FOOD00016)
Brazil nut (FooDB: FOOD00024)
Pecan nut (FooDB: FOOD00044)
Chestnut (FooDB: FOOD00045)
Common hazelnut (FooDB: FOOD00062)
Black walnut (FooDB: FOOD00093)
Common walnut (FooDB: FOOD00094)
Pine nut (FooDB: FOOD00138)
Pistachio (FooDB: FOOD00140)
Almond (FooDB: FOOD00148)
Macadamia nut (M. tetraphylla) (FooDB: FOOD00225)
Japanese walnut (FooDB: FOOD00240)
Acorn (FooDB: FOOD00282)
Beech nut (FooDB: FOOD00299)
Butternut (FooDB: FOOD00316)
Chinese chestnut (FooDB: FOOD00331)
European chestnut (FooDB: FOOD00363)
Hazelnut (FooDB: FOOD00376)
Hickory nut (FooDB: FOOD00377)
Japanese chestnut (FooDB: FOOD00385)
Pili nut (FooDB: FOOD00432)
Colorado pinyon (FooDB: FOOD00433)
Macadamia nut (FooDB: FOOD00525)
Walnut (FooDB: FOOD00608)
Mixed nuts (FooDB: FOOD00771)
Nuts (FooDB: FOOD00869)

Cereal and cereal product

Cereal

Cereal product

Dough

Sourdough (FooDB: FOOD00275)

Leavened bread

Flat bread

Other bread

Potato bread (FooDB: FOOD00811)
Other bread (FooDB: FOOD00269)

Sweet bread

Raisin bread (FooDB: FOOD00817)

Bread products

Other bread product (FooDB: FOOD00805)

Cereals and cereal products (FooDB: FOOD00858)

Pulse

Pea

Lentil

Lentils (FooDB: FOOD00098)

Other pulse

Lupine (FooDB: FOOD00104)
White lupine (FooDB: FOOD00403)

Bean

Green lentil (FooDB: FOOD00970)
Pulses (FooDB: FOOD00867)

Gourd

Watermelon (FooDB: FOOD00052)
Muskmelon (FooDB: FOOD00064)
Cucumber (FooDB: FOOD00065)
Cucurbita (FooDB: FOOD00066)
Bitter gourd (FooDB: FOOD00115)
Winter squash (FooDB: FOOD00283)
Butternut squash (FooDB: FOOD00317)
Calabash (FooDB: FOOD00318)
Chayote (FooDB: FOOD00325)
Towel gourd (FooDB: FOOD00492)
Wax gourd (FooDB: FOOD00499)
Tinda (FooDB: FOOD00559)
Horned melon (FooDB: FOOD00761)
Sunburst squash (pattypan squash) (FooDB: FOOD00874)
Green zucchini (FooDB: FOOD00875)
Yellow zucchini (FooDB: FOOD00876)
Japanese pumpkin (FooDB: FOOD00886)
Acorn squash (FooDB: FOOD00972)
Cantaloupe melon (FooDB: FOOD00984)

Coffee and coffee product

Coffee

Soy

Soy bean (FooDB: FOOD00085)

Soy product

Tea

Herbal tea

Hibiscus tea (FooDB: FOOD00723)
Greenthread tea (FooDB: FOOD00820)

Baking good

Wrapper

Sugar

Sugar (FooDB: FOOD00651)

Dressing

Salad dressing (FooDB: FOOD00645)

Condiment

Substitute

Seasoning

Salt (FooDB: FOOD00647)
Vinegar (FooDB: FOOD00628)

Sauce

Sauce (FooDB: FOOD00646)

Dish

Other dish

Ground meat

Sausage (FooDB: FOOD00652)
Pate (FooDB: FOOD00655)
Meatloaf (FooDB: FOOD00737)
Cold cut (FooDB: FOOD00770)

Pasta dish

Potato dish

American cuisine

Succotash (FooDB: FOOD00794)
Hushpuppy (FooDB: FOOD00762)

Jewish cuisine

Gefilte fish (FooDB: FOOD00833)

Tex-mex cuisine

Chili (FooDB: FOOD00707)
Burrito (FooDB: FOOD00704)
Nachos (FooDB: FOOD00710)
Taco (FooDB: FOOD00708)

Levantine cuisine

Hummus (FooDB: FOOD00845)

Sandwich

Berber cuisine

Couscous (FooDB: FOOD00740)

Mexican cuisine

Asian cuisine

Egg roll (FooDB: FOOD00717)

Latin american cuisine

Tamale (FooDB: FOOD00795)
Empanada (FooDB: FOOD00830)
Pupusa (FooDB: FOOD00829)
Arepa (FooDB: FOOD00831)

Aquatic origin

Fish

Anchovy (FooDB: FOOD00566)
Clupeinae (Herring, Sardine, Sprat) (FooDB: FOOD00520)
Burbot (FooDB: FOOD00313)
Sturgeon (FooDB: FOOD00570)
Gadus (Common cod) (FooDB: FOOD00515)
Anguilliformes (FooDB: FOOD00577)
Flatfish (FooDB: FOOD00535)
Garfish (FooDB: FOOD00579)
Haddock (FooDB: FOOD00374)
Atlantic halibut (FooDB: FOOD00516)
Greenland halibut/turbot (FooDB: FOOD00370)
Lemon sole (FooDB: FOOD00583)
Common ling (FooDB: FOOD00397)
Scombridae (Bonito, Mackerel, Tuna) (FooDB: FOOD00586)
Perciformes (FooDB: FOOD00527)
Northern pike (FooDB: FOOD00431)
Pleuronectidae (Dab, Halibut, Plaice) (FooDB: FOOD00596)
Rainbow trout (FooDB: FOOD00444)
Salmonidae (Salmon, Trout) (FooDB: FOOD00493)
True sole (FooDB: FOOD00604)
Catfish (FooDB: FOOD00605)
Thunnus (FooDB: FOOD00607)
Turbot (FooDB: FOOD00364)
Whitefish (FooDB: FOOD00503)
Whiting (FooDB: FOOD00504)
Atlantic wolffish (FooDB: FOOD00296)
European anchovy (FooDB: FOOD00362)
Percoidei (Bass and others) (FooDB: FOOD00526)
Striped bass (FooDB: FOOD00298)
Bluefish (FooDB: FOOD00306)
American butterfish (FooDB: FOOD00315)
Common carp (FooDB: FOOD00322)
Channel catfish (FooDB: FOOD00324)
Cisco (FooDB: FOOD00334)
Atlantic cod (FooDB: FOOD00338)
Pacific cod (FooDB: FOOD00337)
Atlantic croaker (FooDB: FOOD00345)
Cusk (FooDB: FOOD00346)
Dolphin fish (FooDB: FOOD00351)
Freshwater drum (FooDB: FOOD00352)
Freshwater eel (FooDB: FOOD00357)
Grouper (FooDB: FOOD00372)
Hippoglossus (Common halibut) (FooDB: FOOD00375)
Atlantic herring (FooDB: FOOD00292)
Pacific herring (FooDB: FOOD00424)
Lingcod (FooDB: FOOD00398)
Atlantic mackerel (FooDB: FOOD00293)
Pacific jack mackerel (FooDB: FOOD00383)
King mackerel (FooDB: FOOD00392)
Spanish mackerel (FooDB: FOOD00460)
Milkfish (FooDB: FOOD00408)
Monkfish (FooDB: FOOD00409)
Striped mullet (FooDB: FOOD00412)
Painted comber (FooDB: FOOD00294)
Ocean pout (FooDB: FOOD00417)
Walleye (FooDB: FOOD00496)
Atlantic pollock (FooDB: FOOD00295)
Alaska pollock (FooDB: FOOD00497)
Florida pompano (FooDB: FOOD00366)
Pacific rockfish (FooDB: FOOD00426)
Orange roughy (FooDB: FOOD00448)
Sablefish (FooDB: FOOD00449)
Atlantic salmon (FooDB: FOOD00455)
Chinook salmon (FooDB: FOOD00454)
Chum salmon (FooDB: FOOD00451)
Coho salmon (FooDB: FOOD00452)
Pink salmon (FooDB: FOOD00450)
Sockeye salmon (FooDB: FOOD00453)
Pacific sardine (FooDB: FOOD00461)
Scup (FooDB: FOOD00463)
Sea trout (FooDB: FOOD00468)
American shad (FooDB: FOOD00470)
Shark (FooDB: FOOD00471)
Sheepshead (FooDB: FOOD00474)
Rainbow smelt (FooDB: FOOD00443)
Snapper (FooDB: FOOD00477)
Spot croaker (FooDB: FOOD00557)
Greater sturgeon (FooDB: FOOD00483)
White sucker (FooDB: FOOD00484)
Pumpkinseed sunfish (FooDB: FOOD00486)
Swordfish (FooDB: FOOD00487)
Tilefish (FooDB: FOOD00490)
Northern bluefin tuna (FooDB: FOOD00305)
Skipjack tuna (FooDB: FOOD00476)
Albacore tuna (FooDB: FOOD00514)
Yellowfin tuna (FooDB: FOOD00511)
Yellowtail amberjack (FooDB: FOOD00512)
Cichlidae (Tilapia) (FooDB: FOOD00699)
Sheefish (FooDB: FOOD00472)
Smelt (FooDB: FOOD00519)
Devilfish (FooDB: FOOD00349)

Crustacean

Fish product

Other fish product (FooDB: FOOD00665)

Mollusk

Marine mussel (FooDB: FOOD00587)
Common octopus (FooDB: FOOD00339)
True oyster (FooDB: FOOD00592)
Abalone (FooDB: FOOD00279)
Bivalvia (Clam, Mussel, Oyster) (FooDB: FOOD00531)
Cuttlefish (FooDB: FOOD00347)
Blue mussel (FooDB: FOOD00304)
Eastern oyster (FooDB: FOOD00356)
Pacific oyster (FooDB: FOOD00425)
Scallop (FooDB: FOOD00462)
Squid (FooDB: FOOD00532)
Whelk (FooDB: FOOD00500)
Conch (FooDB: FOOD00611)

Seaweed

Roe

Roe (FooDB: FOOD00698)

Cetacean

Beluga whale (FooDB: FOOD00300)

Pinniped

Bearded seal (FooDB: FOOD00466)
Steller sea lion (FooDB: FOOD00465)

Beverage

Distilled beverage

Spirit (FooDB: FOOD00276)
Gin (FooDB: FOOD00625)
Liquor (FooDB: FOOD00616)
Rum (FooDB: FOOD00629)
Vodka (FooDB: FOOD00622)
Whisky (FooDB: FOOD00623)

Fermented beverage

Beer (FooDB: FOOD00268)

Other beverage

Water

Water (FooDB: FOOD00664)

Nutritional beverage

Nutritional drink (FooDB: FOOD00754)

Alcoholic beverage

Other alcoholic beverage (FooDB: FOOD00278)

Baby food

Baby food (FooDB: FOOD00668)

Unclassified food or beverage

Unclassified food or beverage (FooDB: FOOD00672)

Fat and oil

Vegetable fat

Margarine-like spread (FooDB: FOOD00844)
Margarine (FooDB: FOOD00843)
Shortening (FooDB: FOOD00783)

Animal fat

Milk and milk product

Other milk product

Fermented milk product

Unfermented milk

Milk (Other mammals) (FooDB: FOOD00690)
Milk (Human) (FooDB: FOOD00666)
Milk (Cow) (FooDB: FOOD00618)
Cow milk, pasteurized, vitamin A + D added, 0% fat (FooDB: FOOD00889)
Cow milk, pasteurized, vitamin A + D added, 1% fat (FooDB: FOOD00890)
Cow milk, pasteurized, vitamin A + D added, 2% fat (FooDB: FOOD00891)
Cow milk, pasteurized, vitamin D added, 3.25% fat (FooDB: FOOD00892)

Fermented milk

Cocoa and cocoa product

Cocoa product

Cocoa

Cocoa bean (FooDB: FOOD00182)

Snack

Confectionery

Dessert

Pastry (FooDB: FOOD00641)
Gelatin dessert (FooDB: FOOD00725)
Cake (FooDB: FOOD00636)
Pie (FooDB: FOOD00782)
Pudding (FooDB: FOOD00734)

Other confectionery

Honey (FooDB: FOOD00626)
Marzipan (FooDB: FOOD00644)
Icing (FooDB: FOOD00700)

Frozen dessert

Candy

Marshmallow (FooDB: FOOD00662)
Other candy (FooDB: FOOD00679)

Milk dessert

Sweet custard (FooDB: FOOD00716)
Junket (FooDB: FOOD00726)

Egg

Eggs (FooDB: FOOD00619)

Process

Naturally occurring process

Biological process

Biochemical pathway

Metabolic pathway

Histidine Metabolism (HMDB: HMDB0000148)
Alanine Metabolism (HMDB: HMDB0000148)
Malate-Aspartate Shuttle (HMDB: HMDB0000148)
Amino Sugar Metabolism (HMDB: HMDB0000148)
Ammonia Recycling (HMDB: HMDB0000148)
Arginine and Proline Metabolism (HMDB: HMDB0000148)
Folate Metabolism (HMDB: HMDB0000148)
Glucose-Alanine Cycle (HMDB: HMDB0000148)
Glutamate Metabolism (HMDB: HMDB0000148)
Glycine and Serine Metabolism (HMDB: HMDB0000148)
Urea Cycle (HMDB: HMDB0000148)
Glutathione Metabolism (HMDB: HMDB0000148)
Cysteine Metabolism (HMDB: HMDB0000148)
Transcription/Translation (HMDB: HMDB0000148)
Alanine Metabolism (HMDB: HMDB0000148)
Aspartate Metabolism (PathBank: SMP0000809)
Porphyrin Metabolism (PathBank: SMP0000953)
Valine Biosynthesis (PathBank: SMP0002373)
Leucine Degradation (PathBank: SMP0002433)
Tyrosine Metabolism (PathBank: SMP0002457)
Vitamin B6 Metabolism (PathBank: SMP0063472)
Beta-Alanine metabolism (PathBank: SMP0087180)
Warburg Effect (PathBank: SMP0087270)
Propanoate Metabolism (PathBank: SMP0087480)
Nicotinate and Nicotinamide Metabolism (PathBank: SMP0121074)
D-Glutamine and D-Glutamate Metabolism (PathBank: SMP0121265)
Leucine Biosynthesis (PathBank: SMP0121287)
NAD Biosynthesis (PathBank: SMP0121297)
Amino Sugar and Nucleotide Sugar Metabolism III (PathBank: SMP0121303)
Pyrimidine Metabolism (PathBank: SMP0121324)
Secondary Metabolites: Valine and L-Leucine Biosynthesis from Pyruvate (PathBank: SMP0121331)
Glutathione Metabolism II (PathBank: SMP0122133)
Glutathione Metabolism III (PathBank: SMP0122217)
Purine Nucleotides De Novo Biosynthesis 2 (PathBank: SMP0122223)
Putrescine Degradation II (PathBank: SMP0122236)
Peptidoglycan Biosynthesis II (PathBank: SMP0122239)
4-Aminobutanoate Degradation I (PathBank: SMP0122243)
Tryptophan Metabolism (PathBank: SMP0000835)
Histidine Biosynthesis (PathBank: SMP0002335)
Leucine Biosynthesis (PathBank: SMP0002374)
Purine Nucleotides De Novo Biosynthesis (PathBank: SMP0002377)
Nitrogen Metabolism (PathBank: SMP0002403)
Arginine Metabolism (PathBank: SMP0002416)
Isoleucine Biosynthesis (PathBank: SMP0002430)
Threonine Metabolism (PathBank: SMP0002444)
Purine Metabolism (PathBank: SMP0063668)
Valine, Leucine, and Isoleucine Degradation (PathBank: SMP0063689)
Lysine Degradation (PathBank: SMP0087300)
Phenylalanine and Tyrosine Metabolism (PathBank: SMP0087313)
Arachidonic Acid Metabolism (PathBank: SMP0087315)
Proline Metabolism (PathBank: SMP0121276)
Cysteine Biosynthesis (PathBank: SMP0121282)
Valine Biosynthesis (PathBank: SMP0121288)
Asparagine Biosynthesis (PathBank: SMP0121289)
NAD Salvage (PathBank: SMP0121298)
Lipopolysaccharide Biosynthesis (PathBank: SMP0121299)
Peptidoglycan Biosynthesis I (PathBank: SMP0121305)
Polymyxin Resistance (PathBank: SMP0122234)
Aspartate Metabolism (PathBank: SMP0002302)
Isoleucine Degradation (PathBank: SMP0002431)
Lysine Metabolism (PathBank: SMP0002434)
Lysine Biosynthesis (PathBank: SMP0121266)
Inner Membrane Transport (PathBank: SMP0121270)
L-Alanine Metabolism (PathBank: SMP0121272)
L-Glutamate Metabolism (PathBank: SMP0121273)
TRNA Charging 2 (PathBank: SMP0121283)
Isoleucine Biosynthesis (PathBank: SMP0121293)
Amino Sugar and Nucleotide Sugar Metabolism I (PathBank: SMP0121302)
Folate Biosynthesis (PathBank: SMP0121306)
Purine Nucleotides De Novo Biosynthesis (PathBank: SMP0121307)
Secondary Metabolites: Histidine Biosynthesis (PathBank: SMP0121334)
Hydrogen Sulfide Biosynthesis I (PathBank: SMP0122241)
Proline Metabolism (PathBank: SMP0002297)
L-Alanine Metabolism (PathBank: SMP0002301)
Phenylalanine Metabolism (PathBank: SMP0002349)
Pyrimidine Metabolism (PathBank: SMP0002370)
Asparagine Metabolism (PathBank: SMP0002421)
Glycine Metabolism (PathBank: SMP0002428)
Serine Metabolism (PathBank: SMP0002443)
Valine Degradation (PathBank: SMP0002460)
Ornithine Metabolism (PathBank: SMP0121275)
TRNA Charging (PathBank: SMP0121281)
Phenylalanine Biosynthesis (PathBank: SMP0121284)
Threonine Biosynthesis (PathBank: SMP0121292)
Secondary Metabolites: Cysteine Biosynthesis from Serine (PathBank: SMP0121330)
Secondary Metabolites: Leucine Biosynthesis (PathBank: SMP0121332)
Lipopolysaccharide Biosynthesis II (PathBank: SMP0122112)
Thiamin Diphosphate Biosynthesis (PathBank: SMP0122222)
Lipopolysaccharide Biosynthesis III (PathBank: SMP0122237)
O-Antigen Building Blocks Biosynthesis (PathBank: SMP0122253)
Tyrosine Biosynthesis (PathBank: SMP0000826)
Serine Biosynthesis and Metabolism (PathBank: SMP0000829)
Secondary Metabolites: Enterobacterial Common Antigen Biosynthesis (PathBank: SMP0000975)
Tryptophan Metabolism II (PathBank: SMP0001930)
Secondary Metabolites: Enterobacterial Common Antigen Biosynthesis 2 (PathBank: SMP0002059)
Secondary Metabolites: Enterobacterial Common Antigen Biosynthesis 3 (PathBank: SMP0002060)
4-aminobutanoate degradation (PathBank: SMP0002308)
Amino Sugar and Nucleotide Sugar Metabolism (PathBank: SMP0002331)
Tetrahydrofolate Biosynthesis (PathBank: SMP0002334)
NAD Metabolism (PathBank: SMP0002338)
Vitamin B6 (PathBank: SMP0002387)
Glutamine Metabolism (PathBank: SMP0002426)
Glutamic Acid Metabolism (PathBank: SMP0002427)
Plastoquinol-9 Biosynthesis (PathBank: SMP0012043)
Folate Polyglutamylation (PathBank: SMP0012063)
Butanoate metabolism (PathBank: SMP0012467)
Isoquinoline Alkaloid Biosynthesis (PathBank: SMP0063471)
Tropane, Piperidine, and Pyridine Alkaloid Biosynthesis (PathBank: SMP0063474)
Chitin Biosynthesis (PathBank: SMP0094667)
Camalexin Biosynthesis (PathBank: SMP0121212)

Disease pathway

Argininosuccinic Aciduria (HMDB: HMDB0000148)
Cystinosis, Ocular Nonnephropathic (HMDB: HMDB0000148)
Glutaminolysis and Cancer (PathBank: SMP0108773)
2-Methyl-3-hydroxybutryl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency (PathBank: SMP0120439)
4-Hydroxybutyric Aciduria/Succinic Semialdehyde Dehydrogenase Deficiency (PathBank: SMP0120445)
5-Oxoprolinuria (PathBank: SMP0120446)
Arginine: Glycine Amidinotransferase Deficiency (AGAT Deficiency) (PathBank: SMP0120454)
GABA-Transaminase Deficiency (PathBank: SMP0120478)
Histidinemia (PathBank: SMP0120493)
Leukotriene C4 Synthesis Deficiency (PathBank: SMP0120510)
Sarcosinemia (PathBank: SMP0120521)
Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase Deficiency (MTHFRD) (PathBank: SMP0120522)
Methylmalonate Semialdehyde Dehydrogenase Deficiency (PathBank: SMP0120523)
Salla Disease/Infantile Sialic Acid Storage Disease (PathBank: SMP0120524)
Gamma-Glutamyltranspeptidase Deficiency (PathBank: SMP0120566)
Creatine Deficiency, Guanidinoacetate Methyltransferase Deficiency (PathBank: SMP0120569)
Xanthinuria Type II (PathBank: SMP0120578)
Isovaleric Acidemia (PathBank: SMP0120589)
G(M2)-Gangliosidosis: Variant B, Tay-Sachs Disease (PathBank: SMP0120599)
Succinic Semialdehyde Dehydrogenase Deficiency (PathBank: SMP0120631)
Pyridoxine Dependency with Seizures (PathBank: SMP0120635)
3-Methylglutaconic Aciduria Type I (PathBank: SMP0120663)
Argininemia (PathBank: SMP0120676)
Beta-Ketothiolase Deficiency (PathBank: SMP0120679)
Canavan Disease (PathBank: SMP0120681)
Carbamoyl Phosphate Synthetase Deficiency (PathBank: SMP0120682)
Dihydropyrimidine Dehydrogenase Deficiency (DHPD) (PathBank: SMP0120694)
Glutaric Aciduria Type I (PathBank: SMP0120704)
Gout or Kelley-Seegmiller Syndrome (PathBank: SMP0120709)
Xanthine Dehydrogenase Deficiency (Xanthinuria) (PathBank: SMP0120717)
Hyperprolinemia Type I (PathBank: SMP0120719)
Hypoacetylaspartia (PathBank: SMP0120722)
Tyrosinemia Type 3 (TYRO3) (PathBank: SMP0120731)
Ornithine Transcarbamylase Deficiency (OTC Deficiency) (PathBank: SMP0120762)
Tyrosinemia, Transient, of the Newborn (PathBank: SMP0120779)
Beta-Mercaptolactate-Cysteine Disulfiduria (PathBank: SMP0120783)
Hyperornithinemia with Gyrate Atrophy (HOGA) (PathBank: SMP0120789)
3-Hydroxyisobutyric Aciduria (PathBank: SMP0120806)
Mitochondrial DNA Depletion Syndrome (PathBank: SMP0120820)
Non-Ketotic Hyperglycinemia (PathBank: SMP0120534)
Pyruvate Carboxylase Deficiency (PathBank: SMP0120535)
Prolinemia Type II (PathBank: SMP0120539)
Phenylketonuria (PathBank: SMP0120540)
Prolidase Deficiency (PD) (PathBank: SMP0120541)
Sialuria or French Type Sialuria (PathBank: SMP0000216)
The Oncogenic Action of 2-Hydroxyglutarate (PathBank: SMP0002291)
3-Methylcrotonyl-CoA Carboxylase Deficiency Type I (PathBank: SMP0120441)
3-Methylglutaconic Aciduria Type IV (PathBank: SMP0120444)
Gamma-Glutamyltransferase Deficiency (PathBank: SMP0120480)
Hyperprolinemia Type II (PathBank: SMP0120501)
Tyrosinemia Type 2 (or Richner-Hanhart Syndrome) (PathBank: SMP0120513)
Methylmalonic Aciduria (PathBank: SMP0120525)
Primary Hyperoxaluria Type I (PathBank: SMP0120543)
Tay-Sachs Disease (PathBank: SMP0120545)
Carnosinuria, Carnosinemia (PathBank: SMP0120558)
L-Arginine:Glycine Amidinotransferase Deficiency (PathBank: SMP0120572)
3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA Lyase Deficiency (PathBank: SMP0120661)
3-Methylglutaconic Aciduria Type III (PathBank: SMP0120664)
Adenylosuccinate Lyase Deficiency (PathBank: SMP0120670)
AICA-Ribosiduria (PathBank: SMP0120673)
Hawkinsinuria (PathBank: SMP0120711)
Lactic Acidemia (PathBank: SMP0120724)
Tyrosinemia Type I (PathBank: SMP0120729)
Methylmalonic Aciduria Due to Cobalamin-Related Disorders (PathBank: SMP0120748)
Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylase Deficiency (PathBank: SMP0120756)
Hyperornithinemia-Hyperammonemia-Homocitrullinuria [HHH-syndrome] (PathBank: SMP0120790)
Hyperlysinemia I, Familial (PathBank: SMP0120811)
Hyperlysinemia II or Saccharopinuria (PathBank: SMP0120812)
Adenine Phosphoribosyltransferase Deficiency (APRT) (PathBank: SMP0120819)
Myoadenylate Deaminase Deficiency (PathBank: SMP0120821)
2-Aminoadipic 2-Oxoadipic Aciduria (PathBank: SMP0120870)
3-Phosphoglycerate Dehydrogenase Deficiency (PathBank: SMP0120872)
Adenosine Deaminase Deficiency (PathBank: SMP0120448)
Alkaptonuria (PathBank: SMP0120453)
Citrullinemia Type I (PathBank: SMP0120466)
Glutathione Synthetase Deficiency (PathBank: SMP0120485)
Homocarnosinosis (PathBank: SMP0120494)
Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome (LNS) (PathBank: SMP0120508)
Maple Syrup Urine Disease (PathBank: SMP0120516)
Propionic Acidemia (PathBank: SMP0120537)
Ornithine Aminotransferase Deficiency (OAT Deficiency) (PathBank: SMP0120538)
Dopamine beta-Hydroxylase Deficiency (PathBank: SMP0120563)
5-Oxoprolinase Deficiency (PathBank: SMP0120565)
Isobutyryl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency (PathBank: SMP0120588)
2-Hydroxyglutric Aciduria (D and L Form) (PathBank: SMP0120659)
Dimethylglycine Dehydrogenase Deficiency (PathBank: SMP0120695)
Guanidinoacetate Methyltransferase Deficiency (GAMT Deficiency) (PathBank: SMP0120710)
Isovaleric Aciduria (PathBank: SMP0120723)
Malonic Aciduria (PathBank: SMP0120734)
Saccharopinuria/Hyperlysinemia II (PathBank: SMP0120746)
Molybdenum Cofactor Deficiency (PathBank: SMP0120752)
Hyperglycinemia, Non-Ketotic (PathBank: SMP0120770)
Malonyl-CoA Decarboxylase Deficiency (PathBank: SMP0120786)
Monoamine Oxidase-A Deficiency (MAO-A) (PathBank: SMP0120817)
Hyperinsulinism-Hyperammonemia Syndrome (PathBank: SMP0120496)
Xanthinuria Type I (PathBank: SMP0120577)
3-Hydroxyisobutyric Acid Dehydrogenase Deficiency (PathBank: SMP0120586)
Cystinosis, Ocular Nonnephropathic (PathBank: SMP0120654)
Folate Malabsorption, Hereditary (PathBank: SMP0120656)
2-Methyl-3-hydroxybutryl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency (PathBank: SMP0000137)
Hyperornithinemia-Hyperammonemia-Homocitrullinuria [HHH-syndrome] (PathBank: SMP0000506)
Mitochondrial DNA Depletion Syndrome (PathBank: SMP0000536)
The Oncogenic Action of L-2-Hydroxyglutarate in Hydroxygluaricaciduria (PathBank: SMP0002358)
The Oncogenic Action of D-2-Hydroxyglutarate in Hydroxygluaricaciduria (PathBank: SMP0002359)

Drug action pathway

Acetylsalicylic Acid Action Pathway (HMDB: HMDB0000148)
Piroxicam Action Pathway (PathBank: SMP0000077)
Acetylsalicylic Acid Action Pathway (PathBank: SMP0000083)
Etodolac Action Pathway (PathBank: SMP0000084)
Ketoprofen Action Pathway (PathBank: SMP0000085)
Ibuprofen Action Pathway (PathBank: SMP0000086)
Rofecoxib Action Pathway (PathBank: SMP0000087)
Diclofenac Action Pathway (PathBank: SMP0000093)
Sulindac Action Pathway (PathBank: SMP0000094)
Celecoxib Action Pathway (PathBank: SMP0000096)
Ketorolac Action Pathway (PathBank: SMP0000098)
Suprofen Action Pathway (PathBank: SMP0000101)
Bromfenac Action Pathway (PathBank: SMP0000102)
Indomethacin Action Pathway (PathBank: SMP0000104)
Mefenamic Acid Action Pathway (PathBank: SMP0000109)
Oxaprozin Action Pathway (PathBank: SMP0000113)
Nabumetone Action Pathway (PathBank: SMP0000114)
Naproxen Action Pathway (PathBank: SMP0000120)
Diflunisal Action Pathway (PathBank: SMP0000289)
Azathioprine Action Pathway (PathBank: SMP0000427)
Mercaptopurine Action Pathway (PathBank: SMP0000428)
Methotrexate Action Pathway (PathBank: SMP0000432)
Meloxicam Action Pathway (PathBank: SMP0000106)
Valdecoxib Action Pathway (PathBank: SMP0000116)
Thioguanine Action Pathway (PathBank: SMP0000430)
Disulfiram Action Pathway (PathBank: SMP0000429)
Antipyrine Action Pathway (PathBank: SMP0000692)
Antrafenine Action Pathway (PathBank: SMP0000693)
Carprofen Action Pathway (PathBank: SMP0000694)
Etoricoxib Action Pathway (PathBank: SMP0000695)
Fenoprofen Action Pathway (PathBank: SMP0000696)
Flurbiprofen Action Pathway (PathBank: SMP0000697)
Magnesium salicylate Action Pathway (PathBank: SMP0000698)
Lumiracoxib Action Pathway (PathBank: SMP0000699)
Lornoxicam Action Pathway (PathBank: SMP0000700)
Phenylbutazone Action Pathway (PathBank: SMP0000701)
Nepafenac Action Pathway (PathBank: SMP0000702)
Trisalicylate-choline Action Pathway (PathBank: SMP0000703)
Tolmetin Action Pathway (PathBank: SMP0000704)
Tiaprofenic Acid Action Pathway (PathBank: SMP0000705)
Tenoxicam Action Pathway (PathBank: SMP0000706)
Salsalate Action Pathway (PathBank: SMP0000707)
Salicylate-sodium Action Pathway (PathBank: SMP0000708)
Salicylic Acid Action Pathway (PathBank: SMP0000709)
Acetaminophen Action Pathway (PathBank: SMP0000710)

Protein pathway

Protein Synthesis: Glutamic Acid (PathBank: SMP0119390)

Role

Industrial application

Food and nutrition

Nutritional supplement (HMDB: HMDB0000148)

Pharmaceutical industry

Pharmaceutical (HMDB: HMDB0000148)

Biomarker

Leukemia (MarkerDB: MDB00000070)
Schizophrenia (MarkerDB: MDB00000070)
Heart failure (MarkerDB: MDB00000070)
Epilepsy (MarkerDB: MDB00000070)
N Acetylglutamate Synthase Deficiency (MarkerDB: MDB00000070)
Anoxia (MarkerDB: MDB00000070)

Nutraceutical (HMDB: HMDB0000148)

Biological role

Molecular messenger

Neurotransmitter (HMDB: HMDB0000148)
Neurotransmitter (HMDB: HMDB0000148)

Indirect biological role

Metabotoxin

Neurotoxin (HMDB: HMDB0000148)

Physical Properties

Predicted Properties

Property	Value	Source
Water Solubility	80.6 g/L	ALOGPS
logP	-3.5	ALOGPS
logP	-3.2	ChemAxon
logS	-0.26	ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)	1.88	ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)	9.54	ChemAxon
Physiological Charge	-1	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count	5	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count	3	ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area	100.62 Å²	ChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count	4	ChemAxon
Refractivity	31.29 m³·mol⁻¹	ChemAxon
Polarizability	13.32 Å³	ChemAxon
Number of Rings	0	ChemAxon
Bioavailability	Yes	ChemAxon
Rule of Five	Yes	ChemAxon
Ghose Filter	No	ChemAxon
Veber's Rule	No	ChemAxon
MDDR-like Rule	No	ChemAxon

External Links

HMDB ID

HMDB0000148

DrugBank ID

DB00142

Phenol Explorer Compound ID

Not Available

FooDB ID

FDB012535

KNApSAcK ID

C00001358

Chemspider ID

Not Available

KEGG Compound ID

C00025

BioCyc ID

GLT

BiGG ID

Not Available

Wikipedia Link

L-Glutamic_Acid

METLIN ID

Not Available

PubChem Compound

33032

PDB ID

Not Available

ChEBI ID

16015

Food Biomarker Ontology

Not Available

References

Synthesis Reference

Horner, L.; Gross, A. Tertiary phosphines. IV. Use of phosphine imines in causing the introduction of primary amino groups. Liebigs Ann. Chem. (1955), 591 117-34.

Showing chemical card for L-Glutamic acid (CFc000000095)

MOL for CFc000000095 (L-Glutamic acid)

3D MOL for CFc000000095 (L-Glutamic acid)

3D SDF for CFc000000095 (L-Glutamic acid)

3D-SDF for CFc000000095 (L-Glutamic acid)

PDB for CFc000000095 (L-Glutamic acid)

3D PDB for CFc000000095 (L-Glutamic acid)

SMILES for CFc000000095 (L-Glutamic acid)

INCHI for CFc000000095 (L-Glutamic acid)

Structure for CFc000000095 (L-Glutamic acid)

3D Structure for CFc000000095 (L-Glutamic acid)